ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION BY
LINDA SWISHER 2026 KEY BODY SYSTEMS
AND CONCEPTS REVISION PACK A+
◉ Inferior. Answer: away from the head end or toward the lower
part of a structure or the body; below
◉ Ventral (anterior). Answer: toward or at the front of the body; in
front of
◉ Dorsal (posterior). Answer: Toward or at the back of the body;
behind
◉ Medial. Answer: toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner
side of
◉ Lateral. Answer: away from the midline of the body; on the outer
side of
◉ Intermediate. Answer: between a more medial and a more lateral
structure
,◉ Proximal. Answer: closer to the origin of the body part or the
point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
◉ Distal. Answer: farther from the origin of a body part or the point
of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
◉ Superficial. Answer: toward or at the body surface
◉ Deep (internal). Answer: away from the body surface; more
internal
◉ Anatomical Position. Answer: erect, feet forward, arms at side
with palms facing forward, head facing forward, internationally
know
◉ Directional Terms. Answer: allow us to explain where one body
structure is in relation to another
◉ Axial. Answer: fundamental division of our body. Makes up the
main axis of our body, includes the head, neck, and trunk.
◉ Appendicular. Answer: fundamental division of our body. relating
to the limbs and their attachments to the axis.
, ◉ Regional Terms. Answer: used to designate specific areas within
major body divisions
◉ Anterior/Ventral Body. Answer:
◉ Posterior/Dorsal Body. Answer:
◉ Sagittal. Answer: a vertical plane that divides the body into right
and left parts
◉ Median Plane (midsagittal plane). Answer: sagittal plane that lies
exactly in the midline
◉ Parasagittal Planes. Answer: all other sagittal planes offset from
the midline
◉ Frontal Planes (Coronal Plane). Answer: like sagittal plane lie
vertically, divide body into anterior and posterior parts
◉ Transverse/Horizontal Plane. Answer: runs horizontally from
right to left, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts.
(Transverse is perpendicular to long axis of an organ, horizontal is
from front to back)
LINDA SWISHER 2026 KEY BODY SYSTEMS
AND CONCEPTS REVISION PACK A+
◉ Inferior. Answer: away from the head end or toward the lower
part of a structure or the body; below
◉ Ventral (anterior). Answer: toward or at the front of the body; in
front of
◉ Dorsal (posterior). Answer: Toward or at the back of the body;
behind
◉ Medial. Answer: toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner
side of
◉ Lateral. Answer: away from the midline of the body; on the outer
side of
◉ Intermediate. Answer: between a more medial and a more lateral
structure
,◉ Proximal. Answer: closer to the origin of the body part or the
point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
◉ Distal. Answer: farther from the origin of a body part or the point
of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
◉ Superficial. Answer: toward or at the body surface
◉ Deep (internal). Answer: away from the body surface; more
internal
◉ Anatomical Position. Answer: erect, feet forward, arms at side
with palms facing forward, head facing forward, internationally
know
◉ Directional Terms. Answer: allow us to explain where one body
structure is in relation to another
◉ Axial. Answer: fundamental division of our body. Makes up the
main axis of our body, includes the head, neck, and trunk.
◉ Appendicular. Answer: fundamental division of our body. relating
to the limbs and their attachments to the axis.
, ◉ Regional Terms. Answer: used to designate specific areas within
major body divisions
◉ Anterior/Ventral Body. Answer:
◉ Posterior/Dorsal Body. Answer:
◉ Sagittal. Answer: a vertical plane that divides the body into right
and left parts
◉ Median Plane (midsagittal plane). Answer: sagittal plane that lies
exactly in the midline
◉ Parasagittal Planes. Answer: all other sagittal planes offset from
the midline
◉ Frontal Planes (Coronal Plane). Answer: like sagittal plane lie
vertically, divide body into anterior and posterior parts
◉ Transverse/Horizontal Plane. Answer: runs horizontally from
right to left, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts.
(Transverse is perpendicular to long axis of an organ, horizontal is
from front to back)
