GTC MICROBIOLOGY FINAL REVIEW
PRACTICE EXAMINATION 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
◍ In the nitrogen cycle, which of the following steps involves removal of
nitrogen from the atmosphere by bacteria?.
Answer: Nitrogen Fixation
◍ If enough H+ ions are added to pure water to raise the H+ concentration of
the solution to ten times higher than the original concentration, what is the
resulting OH- concentration of the solution?.
Answer: 10-8 M
◍ Microorganism.
Answer: are organisms that are too small to see with the unaided eye
◍ Fungi are able to reproduce asexually by creating conidiospores and
sporangiospores. Which of the following is an accurate explanation for why
it is advantageous that they are also capable of sexual reproduction?.
Answer: Offspring from two parents may have variations in form and
function that contribute to survival of the species.
◍ examples of microorganisms.
Answer: bacteria fungiprotozoamicroscopic algaeviruses
◍ In a laboratory bacterial cell culture that has been infected by a virus,
plaques are areas in which....
Answer: the virus has spread and left behind the remains of dead cells.
◍ The sun's energy is delivered as discrete packets that travel as waves and are
called.
, Answer: Photons
◍ What is a characteristic of aerobic respiration?.
Answer: The process includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron
transport chain.
◍ what kind of microscope do you use when you are working with
microorganisms you can't see?.
Answer: bright field microscope
◍ what are the different magnifications of a bright field microscope.
Answer: 4x10x40x100x
◍ In completing protein synthesis in a prokaryote, what basic message is
carried by a specialized codon that has no corresponding tRNA?.
Answer: "Terminate here."
◍ Microbial drug resistance can be caused by mutations or by introduction of
new genes into a population. Which of the following can only be caused by
the introduction of new genes into a population?.
Answer: new enzymes that inactivate the drug are synthesized
◍ Why do the hands, feet, and breasts have more lymphatic vessels for host
defense than other areas of the human body?.
Answer: They have a high risk for infection due to frequent contact.
◍ what is the kind of microscope that you use when looking at a virus.
Answer: electron microscope
◍ Penicillin functions as an antimicrobial agent by inhibiting bacterial....
Answer: cell wall synthesis.
◍ Which class of eukaryotic microorganisms can be subdivided into groups
such as Mastigophora, Sarcodina, Ciliophora, and Apicomplexa?.
Answer: Protozoa
◍ Genetic material can be excised from one chromosome and directly
integrated into another via....
Answer: transposons
, ◍ what are the different magnifications of the electron microscope.
Answer: 1 mil 2 mil10 mil
◍ What immune cell secretes numerous cytokines that help to coordinate the
response of other immune cells?.
Answer: TH cell
◍ What enzymes are used to amplify DNA during PCR?.
Answer: DNA polymerase
◍ Which of the following is a scientific name?.
Answer: Streptococcus pyogenes
◍ How are microbes helpful.
Answer: decompose organic wastegenerate O2produce chemical products
such as ethanol and othersproduce fermented foods ex: vinegar, cheese, and
bread produce products used in manufacturing ex: cellulose and insulin
◍ Eosin-methylene blue agar, or EMB, is a commonly used bacteriological
medium for growing gram-negative bacteria from complex environments. It
contains two dyes, eosin and methylene blue, as well as the sugar lactose.
Eosin is a pH indicator that changes color when the medium is acidic, while
methylene blue inhibits the growth of most gram-positive bacteria. If an
organism consumes lactose, acid will be produced, causing the bacterial
colonies to change color.Based upon this description, this medium is
______.
Answer: differential and selective
◍ How many microbes are pathogenic out of all the microorganisms.
Answer: 70/10 mil
◍ what knowledge do microbes give humans.
Answer: prevent diseasesallow food storage and prevent food spoilagesstop
transmission of diseases
◍ Microbiology.
Answer: the study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
PRACTICE EXAMINATION 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
◍ In the nitrogen cycle, which of the following steps involves removal of
nitrogen from the atmosphere by bacteria?.
Answer: Nitrogen Fixation
◍ If enough H+ ions are added to pure water to raise the H+ concentration of
the solution to ten times higher than the original concentration, what is the
resulting OH- concentration of the solution?.
Answer: 10-8 M
◍ Microorganism.
Answer: are organisms that are too small to see with the unaided eye
◍ Fungi are able to reproduce asexually by creating conidiospores and
sporangiospores. Which of the following is an accurate explanation for why
it is advantageous that they are also capable of sexual reproduction?.
Answer: Offspring from two parents may have variations in form and
function that contribute to survival of the species.
◍ examples of microorganisms.
Answer: bacteria fungiprotozoamicroscopic algaeviruses
◍ In a laboratory bacterial cell culture that has been infected by a virus,
plaques are areas in which....
Answer: the virus has spread and left behind the remains of dead cells.
◍ The sun's energy is delivered as discrete packets that travel as waves and are
called.
, Answer: Photons
◍ What is a characteristic of aerobic respiration?.
Answer: The process includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron
transport chain.
◍ what kind of microscope do you use when you are working with
microorganisms you can't see?.
Answer: bright field microscope
◍ what are the different magnifications of a bright field microscope.
Answer: 4x10x40x100x
◍ In completing protein synthesis in a prokaryote, what basic message is
carried by a specialized codon that has no corresponding tRNA?.
Answer: "Terminate here."
◍ Microbial drug resistance can be caused by mutations or by introduction of
new genes into a population. Which of the following can only be caused by
the introduction of new genes into a population?.
Answer: new enzymes that inactivate the drug are synthesized
◍ Why do the hands, feet, and breasts have more lymphatic vessels for host
defense than other areas of the human body?.
Answer: They have a high risk for infection due to frequent contact.
◍ what is the kind of microscope that you use when looking at a virus.
Answer: electron microscope
◍ Penicillin functions as an antimicrobial agent by inhibiting bacterial....
Answer: cell wall synthesis.
◍ Which class of eukaryotic microorganisms can be subdivided into groups
such as Mastigophora, Sarcodina, Ciliophora, and Apicomplexa?.
Answer: Protozoa
◍ Genetic material can be excised from one chromosome and directly
integrated into another via....
Answer: transposons
, ◍ what are the different magnifications of the electron microscope.
Answer: 1 mil 2 mil10 mil
◍ What immune cell secretes numerous cytokines that help to coordinate the
response of other immune cells?.
Answer: TH cell
◍ What enzymes are used to amplify DNA during PCR?.
Answer: DNA polymerase
◍ Which of the following is a scientific name?.
Answer: Streptococcus pyogenes
◍ How are microbes helpful.
Answer: decompose organic wastegenerate O2produce chemical products
such as ethanol and othersproduce fermented foods ex: vinegar, cheese, and
bread produce products used in manufacturing ex: cellulose and insulin
◍ Eosin-methylene blue agar, or EMB, is a commonly used bacteriological
medium for growing gram-negative bacteria from complex environments. It
contains two dyes, eosin and methylene blue, as well as the sugar lactose.
Eosin is a pH indicator that changes color when the medium is acidic, while
methylene blue inhibits the growth of most gram-positive bacteria. If an
organism consumes lactose, acid will be produced, causing the bacterial
colonies to change color.Based upon this description, this medium is
______.
Answer: differential and selective
◍ How many microbes are pathogenic out of all the microorganisms.
Answer: 70/10 mil
◍ what knowledge do microbes give humans.
Answer: prevent diseasesallow food storage and prevent food spoilagesstop
transmission of diseases
◍ Microbiology.
Answer: the study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
