BIOL 212 EXAM 1 EXAM SCRIPT 2026
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
◉ How does one determine the number of covalent bonds an
element will likely form?
Answer: The number of valence electrons
◉ What is the correct order of permeability from most to least
permeable across a lipid bilayer that does not contain transport
proteins?
Answer: CO2, Methanol (CH3OH), H2O, Cl-
◉ Which of the following is not a feature of the fluid mosaic model?
Answer: Proteins that span the lipid bilayer are enriched for
hydrophilic amino acids in the transmembrane regions.
◉ An insect, which doesn't maintain a constant body temperature,
was exposed to a shift in temperature from 80°F to 60°F. Which of
the following types of cellular changes would be the most beneficial
to help this animal cope with the temperature shift?
,Answer: Increase the number of double bonds in the fatty acyl tails
of phospholipids
◉ The figure shows a solute molecule surrounded by a hydration
shell of water. Based on your knowledge of the polarity of water
molecules, the solute molecule is most likely:
Answer: positively charged
◉ What kinds of bonds are broken when water is boiled?
Answer: Hydrogen bonds
◉ What properties make water an excellent solvent?
Answer: Polarity, molecular shape, hydrogen bonding
◉ The figure above shows the side chains of three amino acids.
Which of the following would occur if the pH of the solution that
these amino acid side chains were in decreased by 3 pH units?
Answer: Increased hydrogen molecules in solution would be added
to the negatively charged oxygen of Glutamate and it would become
a hydroxyl group
◉ What type of transport mechanism would be used to move a
potassium ion (K+) across a membrane down a concentration
gradient?
, Answer: Facilitated diffusion
◉ if line B represents the curve for membrane permeability of a
membrane enriched for phospholipids with unsaturated fatty acids,
which curve would be the one for phospholipids with saturated fatty
acids?
Answer: Line C
◉ A cell has an internal environment with 10 mM Na+ concentration
and an external environment with 100 mM Na+ In order to increase
the concentration of the internal environment to 20 mM Na+, which
of the following would be necessary?
Answer: facilitated diffusion with an ion channel
◉ When polymerization of a protein is complete, but a protein is still
completely "linear" or disordered, what is the highest level of
structure in the protein?
Answer: Primary
◉ The figure above represents a cell and its membrane contains
aquaporin channels that allow water to move freely into and out of
the cell. If the inside of the cell is hypertonic to the outside of the
cell, the cell will
Answer: expand due to a gain of water on the inside of the cell
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
◉ How does one determine the number of covalent bonds an
element will likely form?
Answer: The number of valence electrons
◉ What is the correct order of permeability from most to least
permeable across a lipid bilayer that does not contain transport
proteins?
Answer: CO2, Methanol (CH3OH), H2O, Cl-
◉ Which of the following is not a feature of the fluid mosaic model?
Answer: Proteins that span the lipid bilayer are enriched for
hydrophilic amino acids in the transmembrane regions.
◉ An insect, which doesn't maintain a constant body temperature,
was exposed to a shift in temperature from 80°F to 60°F. Which of
the following types of cellular changes would be the most beneficial
to help this animal cope with the temperature shift?
,Answer: Increase the number of double bonds in the fatty acyl tails
of phospholipids
◉ The figure shows a solute molecule surrounded by a hydration
shell of water. Based on your knowledge of the polarity of water
molecules, the solute molecule is most likely:
Answer: positively charged
◉ What kinds of bonds are broken when water is boiled?
Answer: Hydrogen bonds
◉ What properties make water an excellent solvent?
Answer: Polarity, molecular shape, hydrogen bonding
◉ The figure above shows the side chains of three amino acids.
Which of the following would occur if the pH of the solution that
these amino acid side chains were in decreased by 3 pH units?
Answer: Increased hydrogen molecules in solution would be added
to the negatively charged oxygen of Glutamate and it would become
a hydroxyl group
◉ What type of transport mechanism would be used to move a
potassium ion (K+) across a membrane down a concentration
gradient?
, Answer: Facilitated diffusion
◉ if line B represents the curve for membrane permeability of a
membrane enriched for phospholipids with unsaturated fatty acids,
which curve would be the one for phospholipids with saturated fatty
acids?
Answer: Line C
◉ A cell has an internal environment with 10 mM Na+ concentration
and an external environment with 100 mM Na+ In order to increase
the concentration of the internal environment to 20 mM Na+, which
of the following would be necessary?
Answer: facilitated diffusion with an ion channel
◉ When polymerization of a protein is complete, but a protein is still
completely "linear" or disordered, what is the highest level of
structure in the protein?
Answer: Primary
◉ The figure above represents a cell and its membrane contains
aquaporin channels that allow water to move freely into and out of
the cell. If the inside of the cell is hypertonic to the outside of the
cell, the cell will
Answer: expand due to a gain of water on the inside of the cell
