BIOL 212 EXAM 2 CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS UPDATED
◉ Both marine bony fishes and terrestrial animals lose water to the
environment. However, a difference is that the bony fishes lose
water by _______, while the terrestrial animals lose it by _______.
a.
osmosis; evaporation
b.
evaporation; active transport
c.
active transport; osmosis
d.
osmosis; simple diffusion
Answer: a.
osmosis; evaporation
◉ Why is maintaining the balance of water and ions necessary?
a.
,Because chemical reactions require water and ions to maintain an
optimal temperature for the reactions to occur properly in biological
organisms.
b.
Because cells will shrink if too much water is available resulting in
higher pH's causing cell death.
c.
Because all of the chemical reactions in biological organisms occur
in an aqueous environment and will not work properly of the
concentration of ions is not maintained.
d.
Lack of balance may induce osmotic stress whereby cells swell and
burst if not enough water is available.
Answer: c.
Because all of the chemical reactions in biological organisms occur
in an aqueous environment and will not work properly of the
concentration of ions is not maintained.
◉ It is crucial to maintain the balance of water but not so much the
ions in biological organisms.
t or f
Answer: false
◉ To maintain homeostasis freshwater fish must ________.
,a.
excrete large quantities of water.
b.
consume large quantities of water.
c.
take in electrolytes through simple diffusion.
d.
excrete large quantities of electrolytes.
Answer: a.
excrete large quantities of water.
◉ A necropsy (postmortem analysis) of a marine sea star that died
after it was mistakenly placed in freshwater would likely show that
it died because _______.
a.
it was so hypertonic to the freshwater that it could not
osmoregulate.
b.
its cells dehydrated and lost the ability to metabolize.
c.
it was stressed and needed more time to acclimate to the new
conditions.
d.
, its contractile vacuoles ruptured.
e.
the sea star's kidneys could not handle the change in ionic content
presented by the freshwater.
Answer: a.
it was so hypertonic to the freshwater that it could not
osmoregulate.
◉ Which of the following mechanisms contributes to
osmoregulation in both marine and freshwater bony fish?
a.
gain of salt through the gills via active transport
b.
excretion of hyperosmotic urine
c.
gain of water through food
d.
gain of water through the gills via osmosis
e.
loss of salt through the gills via diffusion
Answer: c.
EVALUATION 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS UPDATED
◉ Both marine bony fishes and terrestrial animals lose water to the
environment. However, a difference is that the bony fishes lose
water by _______, while the terrestrial animals lose it by _______.
a.
osmosis; evaporation
b.
evaporation; active transport
c.
active transport; osmosis
d.
osmosis; simple diffusion
Answer: a.
osmosis; evaporation
◉ Why is maintaining the balance of water and ions necessary?
a.
,Because chemical reactions require water and ions to maintain an
optimal temperature for the reactions to occur properly in biological
organisms.
b.
Because cells will shrink if too much water is available resulting in
higher pH's causing cell death.
c.
Because all of the chemical reactions in biological organisms occur
in an aqueous environment and will not work properly of the
concentration of ions is not maintained.
d.
Lack of balance may induce osmotic stress whereby cells swell and
burst if not enough water is available.
Answer: c.
Because all of the chemical reactions in biological organisms occur
in an aqueous environment and will not work properly of the
concentration of ions is not maintained.
◉ It is crucial to maintain the balance of water but not so much the
ions in biological organisms.
t or f
Answer: false
◉ To maintain homeostasis freshwater fish must ________.
,a.
excrete large quantities of water.
b.
consume large quantities of water.
c.
take in electrolytes through simple diffusion.
d.
excrete large quantities of electrolytes.
Answer: a.
excrete large quantities of water.
◉ A necropsy (postmortem analysis) of a marine sea star that died
after it was mistakenly placed in freshwater would likely show that
it died because _______.
a.
it was so hypertonic to the freshwater that it could not
osmoregulate.
b.
its cells dehydrated and lost the ability to metabolize.
c.
it was stressed and needed more time to acclimate to the new
conditions.
d.
, its contractile vacuoles ruptured.
e.
the sea star's kidneys could not handle the change in ionic content
presented by the freshwater.
Answer: a.
it was so hypertonic to the freshwater that it could not
osmoregulate.
◉ Which of the following mechanisms contributes to
osmoregulation in both marine and freshwater bony fish?
a.
gain of salt through the gills via active transport
b.
excretion of hyperosmotic urine
c.
gain of water through food
d.
gain of water through the gills via osmosis
e.
loss of salt through the gills via diffusion
Answer: c.
