Med Surg 2 Final Exam Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!! Instant Download Pdf

Med Surg 2 Final Exam Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!! Instant Download Pdf 1. What is the normal hemoglobin (Hgb) range for men? A10–14 g/dL B12–16 g/dL C14–18 g/dL D16–20 g/dL Normal Hgb for men is 14–18 g/dL. For women it is 12–16 g/dL. Hemoglobin carries oxygen within red blood cells. Values below normal indicate anemia; values above normal may indicate polycythemia or dehydration. 2. What is the normal hemoglobin (Hgb) range for women? A10–12 g/dL B12–16 g/dL C14–18 g/dL D16–20 g/dL Normal Hgb for women is 12–16 g/dL. Women's normal range is lower than men's, partly due to menstrual blood loss. Values below 12 g/dL in women indicate anemia, which may affect oxygen delivery to tissues. 3. What is the normal hematocrit (Hct) range for females? A32–40% B37–47% C42–52% D45–55% Normal Hct for females is 37–47%. Hematocrit is the percentage of blood volume made up of red blood cells. It is approximately 3× the hemoglobin value. Values below 37% in females indicate anemia; values above 47% suggest dehydration or polycythemia. 4. What is the normal hematocrit (Hct) range for males? A37–47% B40–50% C42–52% D48–58% Normal Hct for males is 42–52%. Males have a higher Hct than females due to testosterone stimulation of erythropoiesis (RBC production). A Hct below 42% in males suggests anemia; above 52% suggests polycythemia or dehydration. 5. What is the normal red blood cell (RBC) count? A2.0–3.5 million/µL B4.6–6.2 million/µL C6.5–8.0 million/µL D3.0–4.5 million/µL The normal RBC count is 4.6–6.2 million cells/µL. RBCs carry oxygen via hemoglobin. A low RBC count contributes to anemia and reduced oxygen delivery; elevated RBC count (polycythemia) increases blood viscosity and clotting risk. 6. What is the normal white blood cell (WBC) count? A1,000–4,000/µL B4,500–11,000/µL C12,000–18,000/µL D20,000–30,000/µL Normal WBC count is 4,500–11,000 cells/µL. WBCs are the immune system's primary cells. A count above 11,000 (leukocytosis) may indicate infection, inflammation, or leukemia; below 4,500 (leukopenia) increases infection risk. 7. What is the normal serum sodium (Na⁺) level? A115–125 mEq/L B125–135 mEq/L C135–145 mEq/L D145–155 mEq/L Normal serum sodium is 135–145 mEq/L. Sodium is the primary extracellular cation and regulates fluid balance and osmolarity. Hyponatremia (135) causes confusion and seizures; hypernatremia (145) causes thirst, agitation, and neurological changes. 8. What is the normal serum potassium (K⁺) level? A2.0–3.5 mEq/L B3.5–5.0 mEq/L C5.0–6.5 mEq/L D6.5–8.0 mEq/L Normal serum potassium is 3.5–5.0 mEq/L. Potassium is critical for cardiac and neuromuscular function. Hypokalemia (3.5) can cause dysrhythmias and muscle weakness; hyperkalemia (5.0) can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias including ventricular fibrillation. 9. What is fibrinolytic (thrombolytic) therapy? A A surgical procedure to mechanically remove clots from arteries B Administration of anticoagulants to prevent new clot formation C. Use of medications to dissolve blood clots by breaking down fibrin, the protein that holds clots together D Placement of a filter in the vena cava to trap clots Fibrinolytic (thrombolytic) therapy uses medications to dissolve existing blood clots by breaking down fibrin — the structural protein that holds clots together. It is most commonly used for acute ischemic strokes, STEMI, pulmonary embolism, and DVT. Unlike anticoagulants (which prevent new clots), fibrinolytics actively destroy existing clots. 10. Which fibrinolytic drug is most commonly used for acute ischemic stroke, and which are used more often for heart attacks? A. Warfarin for stroke; Heparin for heart attacks B. Alteplase (tPA) for stroke; Reteplase or Tenecteplase for heart attacks C. Aspirin for stroke; Clopidogrel for heart attacks D. Atorvastatin for stroke; Metoprolol for heart attacks Alteplase (tPA) is the standard fibrinolytic for acute ischemic stroke. Reteplase and Tenecteplase are preferred for STEMI (heart attacks) because they have simpler dosing — single or double bolus rather than a 1-hour infusion — making them faster to administer in cardiac emergencies.