GCD 3022 Exam 2 UMN Newest 2026 Questions
and Correct Detailed Answers Already Graded A+
Capping - CORRECT ANSWER-Mature mRNAs have a GMP covalently attached
to the 5 prime end
capping occurs when? - CORRECT ANSWER-the pre mRNA is being synthesized
by RNA pol II
Tailing - CORRECT ANSWER-a string of adenine nucleotides at the 3 prime end
of a mature mRNA
the _______ is not encoded in the gene sequence - CORRECT ANSWER-polyA
tail
the polyA tail is added__________after the gene is completely _____________ -
CORRECT ANSWER-enzymatically;transcribed
intro RNA is defined by short RNA sequences within the________and at the
_____________boundaries - CORRECT ANSWER-intron;intron-exon
boundaries
,splicing factors are inhibited by - CORRECT ANSWER-splicing repressors
reverse transcriptase - CORRECT ANSWER-RNA world able to make DNA from
RNA template
Benefits of having introns? - CORRECT ANSWER-Alternative splicing
ends of eukaryotic linear chromosomes are replicated by - CORRECT ANSWER-
telomerase (enzyme)
telomerase (enzyme) uses an________template - CORRECT ANSWER-RNA
DNA replication - CORRECT ANSWER-makes DNA copies that are transmitted
from cell to cell and from parent to offspring
Chromosomal DNA stores information in units called - CORRECT ANSWER-
genes
Pribnow box - CORRECT ANSWER-the TATAAT sequence that is often found at
the -10 region of bacterial promoters
,the closer the____________sequence the stronger the promoter - CORRECT
ANSWER-Consensus
consensus sequence - CORRECT ANSWER-the most commonly occurring bases
within a sequence element
consensus sequences apply to the - CORRECT ANSWER--35 and the -10 region
what four polypeptides does the RNA polymerase core enzymes consist of -
CORRECT ANSWER-a, a, B, B'
the fifth subunit RNA Polymerase is called the - CORRECT ANSWER-sigma
factor
RNA Polymerase - CORRECT ANSWER-binds loosely to DNA and scans along
the DNA until sigma encounters a promotot and binds to it
difference between RNA and DNA Polymerase - CORRECT ANSWER-
RNA=double stranded DNA entering the enzyme(except primase used in DNA
replication)
, DNA=single stranded DNA entering the enzyme
bacterial transcription is terminated using sometimes - CORRECT ANSWER-rho
protein
bacterial transcription can also be terminated using - CORRECT ANSWER-NusA
protein
T/F: there is very little space between genes in bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER-
true
Bacterial and eukaryotic RNA polymerases have the same: - CORRECT
ANSWER-general structure
3 eukaryotic RNA polymerases - CORRECT ANSWER-Pol 1: synthesizes all
ribosomal RNA
Pol 2: synthesizes mRNA
Pol 3: synthesizes tRNA and 5SRNA
Pol 1 synthesizes all ribosomal RNA except - CORRECT ANSWER-5S rRNA
and Correct Detailed Answers Already Graded A+
Capping - CORRECT ANSWER-Mature mRNAs have a GMP covalently attached
to the 5 prime end
capping occurs when? - CORRECT ANSWER-the pre mRNA is being synthesized
by RNA pol II
Tailing - CORRECT ANSWER-a string of adenine nucleotides at the 3 prime end
of a mature mRNA
the _______ is not encoded in the gene sequence - CORRECT ANSWER-polyA
tail
the polyA tail is added__________after the gene is completely _____________ -
CORRECT ANSWER-enzymatically;transcribed
intro RNA is defined by short RNA sequences within the________and at the
_____________boundaries - CORRECT ANSWER-intron;intron-exon
boundaries
,splicing factors are inhibited by - CORRECT ANSWER-splicing repressors
reverse transcriptase - CORRECT ANSWER-RNA world able to make DNA from
RNA template
Benefits of having introns? - CORRECT ANSWER-Alternative splicing
ends of eukaryotic linear chromosomes are replicated by - CORRECT ANSWER-
telomerase (enzyme)
telomerase (enzyme) uses an________template - CORRECT ANSWER-RNA
DNA replication - CORRECT ANSWER-makes DNA copies that are transmitted
from cell to cell and from parent to offspring
Chromosomal DNA stores information in units called - CORRECT ANSWER-
genes
Pribnow box - CORRECT ANSWER-the TATAAT sequence that is often found at
the -10 region of bacterial promoters
,the closer the____________sequence the stronger the promoter - CORRECT
ANSWER-Consensus
consensus sequence - CORRECT ANSWER-the most commonly occurring bases
within a sequence element
consensus sequences apply to the - CORRECT ANSWER--35 and the -10 region
what four polypeptides does the RNA polymerase core enzymes consist of -
CORRECT ANSWER-a, a, B, B'
the fifth subunit RNA Polymerase is called the - CORRECT ANSWER-sigma
factor
RNA Polymerase - CORRECT ANSWER-binds loosely to DNA and scans along
the DNA until sigma encounters a promotot and binds to it
difference between RNA and DNA Polymerase - CORRECT ANSWER-
RNA=double stranded DNA entering the enzyme(except primase used in DNA
replication)
, DNA=single stranded DNA entering the enzyme
bacterial transcription is terminated using sometimes - CORRECT ANSWER-rho
protein
bacterial transcription can also be terminated using - CORRECT ANSWER-NusA
protein
T/F: there is very little space between genes in bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER-
true
Bacterial and eukaryotic RNA polymerases have the same: - CORRECT
ANSWER-general structure
3 eukaryotic RNA polymerases - CORRECT ANSWER-Pol 1: synthesizes all
ribosomal RNA
Pol 2: synthesizes mRNA
Pol 3: synthesizes tRNA and 5SRNA
Pol 1 synthesizes all ribosomal RNA except - CORRECT ANSWER-5S rRNA
