KAISER EKG TEST STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
ALREADY GRADED A+ GUARANTEED
SUCCESS!!
Pulseless VT (unstable) poly - ANSWER-treatment: defib, CPR, epi
Ventricular Fibrillation - ANSWER-lethal if not treated immediately due to no
cardiac output
causes: CAD, MI, electrolyte imbalances
Treatment: defib ASAP, CPR, epi
- always assess pt first for unconsciousness and absence of pulse
- a loose electrode can sometimes cause a chaotic rhythm on the monitor
Idioventricular Rhythm - ANSWER-rate of 20-40 bpm, rhythm is regular, no p
waves, QRS is wide
Treatment: atropine, epi, isoproterenol
TCP may be tried until underlying problem can be fixed, permanent pacing may be
necessary
Ventricular asystole - ANSWER-p waves are present but the patient is clinically
dead
Treatment: CPR, epi, consider H and Ts
Asystole - ANSWER-total absence of electrical activity in the heart, is a medical
emergency (if your patient is speaking to you, then they are not in asystole)
- can be caused by loose or disconnected leads, loss of power to ECG monitor
Treatment: CPR, epi, H and Ts
PEA - ANSWER-performing a pulse check after a rhythm check will ensure that
you identify PEA
Treatment: effective CPR, find the cause and correction, epi, consider H and Ts
,What is a treatment option for symptomatic (unstable) atrial fibrillation? -
ANSWER-Synchronized cardioversion at 120-200J
What is the treatment for stable SVT? - ANSWER-Vagal maneuvers and
adenosine
Refractory period - ANSWER-per of time where cardiac cells cannot respond to
stimulus
Absolute refractory period - ANSWER-beginning of qrs to peak of t wave
What is the treatment for unstable SVT? - ANSWER-Synchronized cardioversion
What is the treatment for symptomatic junctional escape? - ANSWER-atropine
0.5mg
What is the treatment for symptomatic first-degree block? - ANSWER-atropine
0.5mg
causes of prolonged qt intervals - ANSWER-haldol, bradycardia, hypokalemia
SA node - ANSWER-60-100 bpm
Av node - ANSWER-40-60 bpm
Purkinje fibers - ANSWER-20-40 bpm
Depolarization - ANSWER-electrical excitation of the cell membrane normally
followed by mechanical contraction
Repolarization - ANSWER-return of the cell membrane to its resting state
normally followed by mechanical relaxation
PR interval - ANSWER-0.12-0.20
QRS interval - ANSWER-0.06-0.11
, QT interval - ANSWER-0.44-0.48 depending on rate
Nursing responsibilities - ANSWER-print/measure/interpret rhythm strips, get a 12
lead EKG for any rhythm changes, get a set of VS for any rhythm changes, know
when to notify MD
Sinus Arrhythmia - ANSWER-rate is normal but speeds and slows with respiration
(rhythm is irregular)
Treatment: asymptomatic - nothing, symptomatic - treat and find the underlying
cause (digoxin toxicity or MI)
Sinus Bradycardia - ANSWER-Treatment: if S/S are present give atropine 0.5 mg -
if unsuccessful then do an external/transvenous pacemaker
- hold drugs that decrease HR: digoxin, beta blockers
Sinus Tachycardia - ANSWER-Rate of 100-150
Treatment: treat the underlying cause
PACs - ANSWER-Treatment: rarely treated, observe and document the frequency
and the patient's condition
Automaticity - ANSWER-ability of pacemaker cells to initiate electrical impulse
Excitability - ANSWER-ability of muscle cells to respond to outside stimulus
Conductivity - ANSWER-ability to receive electrical stimulus and conduct impulse
to adjacent cells
Contraction - ANSWER-cardiac cells shorten = muscular contraction in response
to electrical stimulus
sa node - ANSWER-- primary pacemaker of heart
- 60-90 bpm
av node - ANSWER-delay = atrial contraction + ventricular filling
- 40-60 bpm
AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
ALREADY GRADED A+ GUARANTEED
SUCCESS!!
Pulseless VT (unstable) poly - ANSWER-treatment: defib, CPR, epi
Ventricular Fibrillation - ANSWER-lethal if not treated immediately due to no
cardiac output
causes: CAD, MI, electrolyte imbalances
Treatment: defib ASAP, CPR, epi
- always assess pt first for unconsciousness and absence of pulse
- a loose electrode can sometimes cause a chaotic rhythm on the monitor
Idioventricular Rhythm - ANSWER-rate of 20-40 bpm, rhythm is regular, no p
waves, QRS is wide
Treatment: atropine, epi, isoproterenol
TCP may be tried until underlying problem can be fixed, permanent pacing may be
necessary
Ventricular asystole - ANSWER-p waves are present but the patient is clinically
dead
Treatment: CPR, epi, consider H and Ts
Asystole - ANSWER-total absence of electrical activity in the heart, is a medical
emergency (if your patient is speaking to you, then they are not in asystole)
- can be caused by loose or disconnected leads, loss of power to ECG monitor
Treatment: CPR, epi, H and Ts
PEA - ANSWER-performing a pulse check after a rhythm check will ensure that
you identify PEA
Treatment: effective CPR, find the cause and correction, epi, consider H and Ts
,What is a treatment option for symptomatic (unstable) atrial fibrillation? -
ANSWER-Synchronized cardioversion at 120-200J
What is the treatment for stable SVT? - ANSWER-Vagal maneuvers and
adenosine
Refractory period - ANSWER-per of time where cardiac cells cannot respond to
stimulus
Absolute refractory period - ANSWER-beginning of qrs to peak of t wave
What is the treatment for unstable SVT? - ANSWER-Synchronized cardioversion
What is the treatment for symptomatic junctional escape? - ANSWER-atropine
0.5mg
What is the treatment for symptomatic first-degree block? - ANSWER-atropine
0.5mg
causes of prolonged qt intervals - ANSWER-haldol, bradycardia, hypokalemia
SA node - ANSWER-60-100 bpm
Av node - ANSWER-40-60 bpm
Purkinje fibers - ANSWER-20-40 bpm
Depolarization - ANSWER-electrical excitation of the cell membrane normally
followed by mechanical contraction
Repolarization - ANSWER-return of the cell membrane to its resting state
normally followed by mechanical relaxation
PR interval - ANSWER-0.12-0.20
QRS interval - ANSWER-0.06-0.11
, QT interval - ANSWER-0.44-0.48 depending on rate
Nursing responsibilities - ANSWER-print/measure/interpret rhythm strips, get a 12
lead EKG for any rhythm changes, get a set of VS for any rhythm changes, know
when to notify MD
Sinus Arrhythmia - ANSWER-rate is normal but speeds and slows with respiration
(rhythm is irregular)
Treatment: asymptomatic - nothing, symptomatic - treat and find the underlying
cause (digoxin toxicity or MI)
Sinus Bradycardia - ANSWER-Treatment: if S/S are present give atropine 0.5 mg -
if unsuccessful then do an external/transvenous pacemaker
- hold drugs that decrease HR: digoxin, beta blockers
Sinus Tachycardia - ANSWER-Rate of 100-150
Treatment: treat the underlying cause
PACs - ANSWER-Treatment: rarely treated, observe and document the frequency
and the patient's condition
Automaticity - ANSWER-ability of pacemaker cells to initiate electrical impulse
Excitability - ANSWER-ability of muscle cells to respond to outside stimulus
Conductivity - ANSWER-ability to receive electrical stimulus and conduct impulse
to adjacent cells
Contraction - ANSWER-cardiac cells shorten = muscular contraction in response
to electrical stimulus
sa node - ANSWER-- primary pacemaker of heart
- 60-90 bpm
av node - ANSWER-delay = atrial contraction + ventricular filling
- 40-60 bpm
