M116 Midterm Exam Newest 2026 Questions and
Correct Detailed Answers Already Graded A+
How do we filter out the high-abundance transcripts? - CORRECT ANSWER-
custom tiling microarray precisely skipping all known, abundantly transcribed
regions and targeting just "dark" regions of the human genome
long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) - CORRECT ANSWER-few hundred nt to 100,000
nt., RNA that lacks any open reading frame (ORF) > ~60 codons in length, lncRNA
genes may be classified as sense, antisense, bidirectional/divergent, intronic, or
intergenic, according to their locations. found within the untranslated elements of
translated mRNAs ('UTRs')
are lncRNAs critical for the survival of the organism - CORRECT ANSWER-Yes ..
A series of lncRNA gene knockouts in mice have led to severe, often lethal defects
in development. Defects included
Z probe - CORRECT ANSWER-An even greater degree of specificity and
sensitivity (signal amplification) is possible via multivalent fluorescent
amplification ("RNAscope")
, in situ hybridization - CORRECT ANSWER-A technique using nucleic acid
hybridization with a labeled probe to detect the location of a specific mRNA in an
intact organism.
Can we predict RNA secondary structures, specifically helices ? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Yes, we can predict helical regions by, e.g. 'Free energy minimization'
Computer algorithm searches
However, the above algorithms are not very reliable: There may be many
alternate (equally stable) base-pairing arrangements
How can you determine RNA secondary structure experimentally - CORRECT
ANSWER-co-variation analysis', and by physical probing
How to do the experiment ..(1) 32P end-label (*) the RNA to be examined(2)
Incubate with nuclease under conditions that achieve (on average) just a single hit
per RNA molecule (3) Electrophorese the reaction products in a denaturing gel(4)
Autoradiograph the gel
RNA tertiary structure determination, at atomic resolution - CORRECT
ANSWER-X-ray diffraction (i.e. X-ray crystallography) and/or:
• NMR spectroscopy
Correct Detailed Answers Already Graded A+
How do we filter out the high-abundance transcripts? - CORRECT ANSWER-
custom tiling microarray precisely skipping all known, abundantly transcribed
regions and targeting just "dark" regions of the human genome
long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) - CORRECT ANSWER-few hundred nt to 100,000
nt., RNA that lacks any open reading frame (ORF) > ~60 codons in length, lncRNA
genes may be classified as sense, antisense, bidirectional/divergent, intronic, or
intergenic, according to their locations. found within the untranslated elements of
translated mRNAs ('UTRs')
are lncRNAs critical for the survival of the organism - CORRECT ANSWER-Yes ..
A series of lncRNA gene knockouts in mice have led to severe, often lethal defects
in development. Defects included
Z probe - CORRECT ANSWER-An even greater degree of specificity and
sensitivity (signal amplification) is possible via multivalent fluorescent
amplification ("RNAscope")
, in situ hybridization - CORRECT ANSWER-A technique using nucleic acid
hybridization with a labeled probe to detect the location of a specific mRNA in an
intact organism.
Can we predict RNA secondary structures, specifically helices ? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Yes, we can predict helical regions by, e.g. 'Free energy minimization'
Computer algorithm searches
However, the above algorithms are not very reliable: There may be many
alternate (equally stable) base-pairing arrangements
How can you determine RNA secondary structure experimentally - CORRECT
ANSWER-co-variation analysis', and by physical probing
How to do the experiment ..(1) 32P end-label (*) the RNA to be examined(2)
Incubate with nuclease under conditions that achieve (on average) just a single hit
per RNA molecule (3) Electrophorese the reaction products in a denaturing gel(4)
Autoradiograph the gel
RNA tertiary structure determination, at atomic resolution - CORRECT
ANSWER-X-ray diffraction (i.e. X-ray crystallography) and/or:
• NMR spectroscopy
