Child Life Certification Exam with
Accurate Solutions
Emma Plank - ANS-In Cleveland, helped create the child life movement in the 50s and
60s
Wrote the book "working with children in hospitals"
Mary Brooks - ANS-In Philadelphia, helped create the child life movement in the 50s
and 60s
The Association for the Care of Children in Hospitals (1967) - ANS-The first
organization of personnel engaged in child life work
All Programs are guided by these two primary objectives - ANS-1. to help children cope
with the stress and anxiety of the hospital experience
2. to promote the child's normal growth and development while in the health care setting
after returning hom
Play - ANS-It is a mechanism through which children learn, socialize, test their growing
bodies, and, most importantly for hospitalized children, it is a way they cope with the
unfamiliar and express their concerns.
overt or active response - ANS-crying, screaming, whining, clinging to parents, resisting
medicine, being self-destructive, being destructive of the environment, fighting
passive response - ANS-excessive sleeping
decreased communication
decreased activity
decreased eating
regressive behavior - ANS-alterations in sleeping patterns
eating too much or too little
being tense, anxious, restless
manifesting fears (of hospitals, needles, death, ect.)
being overly concerned with one's body
displaying compulsive behavior
Vernon, Foley, Sipowicz and Schulman (1965) - ANS-drawn a distinction between
"immediate response" (behavior manifesting itself during the hospitalization) and "post-
hospital response".
,Prugh, Staub, Sands, Kirschbaum and Lenihan (1953) - ANS-Study that offers further
evidence that a substantial percentage of children may suffer psychological upset as a
result of hospitalization
Skipper and Leonard (1968) - ANS-explored the effects of providing additional
information and support to mothers of hospitalized children
Vernon et al (1965) - ANS--support the belief that psychological preparation is an
effective means of reducing post-hospital upset
-found that only four of these determinants had been sufficiently investigated to warrant
summary and conclusion:
unfamiliarity of the hospital setting
separation from parents
age
prehospital experience
Wolfer and Visintainer (1975) - ANS-provided impressive evidence that psychological
preparation is an effective means of lessening the upset of children during
hospitalization as well as after discharge
Johnson, Kirchhoff and Endress (1975) - ANS-found that discrepancies between a
child's expectations and the actual physical sensations experiences produce distress in
the child
contagion hypothese - ANS-parental anxiety is transmitted to the child, who then shows
signs of stress
Castler (1961) - ANS-Institutionalized children who suffered stimulus deprivation over
prolonged periods demonstrated profound delay in cognitive, physical, emotional and
social development
Robertson (1958) and Bowlby (1960) - ANS-Both describe a series of three stages
which characterize a young child's response to seperation
The 3 Phases of Separation - ANS-Protest, despair and detachment
Protest - ANS-During this period of acute distress, children cry, scream and kick, all the
while eagerly looking for signs of their parent's return
Despair - ANS-If parents do not return, children may enter a period characterized by
"increased hopelessness"
Detachment - ANS-In this phase, children appear to be making a recovery, as they once
again become active and interested in their surroundings
, The upset child - ANS-The child is calm and quite, until the parents arrive.
The protest by the child is in fact a positive and reassuring sign that the child has not yet
slipped into the phase of detachment from the parents.
The child's interest in material goods - ANS-parents are met by an indifferent child, who
shows far more interest in the wrapped package than in the parent who has brought it
The 'highly social' child - ANS-allow human beings to come and go without regret
The child reluctant to leave - ANS-this represents a child in the detachment phase
Schaffer and Callender (1959) - ANS-offer substantiation for the belief that young
infants are less vulnerable than other infants
Kassowitz (1958) and Levy (1960) - ANS-found that young infants demonstrated less
response to inoculation prior to the event than did older infants
Campbell (1957) - ANS-supports the idea that the "contagion hypothesis" (transmission
of anxiety from parent to child) is operable for young infants
Scarr-Salapatek and Williams (1973) - ANS-came to the conclusion that child life
workers should design and implement a stimulation program for young infants to insure
maximum development while hospitalized
Anna Freud (1977) - ANS-Hospitalization often requires the child to temporarily yield
some or all of new found skills
Burton (1975) - ANS-Although any illness or hospitalization may place a severe stress
on the family system, chronic conditions present their own special hazards
(her study focused on patients with CF)
Hargrove and Dawson (1972) - ANS-claim that contentions concerning children's upset
in the presence of parents are based on a number of questionable assumptions
Care by parental units - ANS-parents live with their children and retain the role of
primary caregivers
Gofman et al (1957) - ANS-found that 57 percent of the parents whose children were
hospitalized experienced "overwhelming anxiety"
Hartley and Goldenson (1963) - ANS-play is not only the child's response to life; it is his
life, if he is to be a vital, growing, creative individual
Garvey (1977) - ANS-compiled a list of elements which characterize play:
-play is pleasurable, enjoyable
-play has no extrinsic goals
Accurate Solutions
Emma Plank - ANS-In Cleveland, helped create the child life movement in the 50s and
60s
Wrote the book "working with children in hospitals"
Mary Brooks - ANS-In Philadelphia, helped create the child life movement in the 50s
and 60s
The Association for the Care of Children in Hospitals (1967) - ANS-The first
organization of personnel engaged in child life work
All Programs are guided by these two primary objectives - ANS-1. to help children cope
with the stress and anxiety of the hospital experience
2. to promote the child's normal growth and development while in the health care setting
after returning hom
Play - ANS-It is a mechanism through which children learn, socialize, test their growing
bodies, and, most importantly for hospitalized children, it is a way they cope with the
unfamiliar and express their concerns.
overt or active response - ANS-crying, screaming, whining, clinging to parents, resisting
medicine, being self-destructive, being destructive of the environment, fighting
passive response - ANS-excessive sleeping
decreased communication
decreased activity
decreased eating
regressive behavior - ANS-alterations in sleeping patterns
eating too much or too little
being tense, anxious, restless
manifesting fears (of hospitals, needles, death, ect.)
being overly concerned with one's body
displaying compulsive behavior
Vernon, Foley, Sipowicz and Schulman (1965) - ANS-drawn a distinction between
"immediate response" (behavior manifesting itself during the hospitalization) and "post-
hospital response".
,Prugh, Staub, Sands, Kirschbaum and Lenihan (1953) - ANS-Study that offers further
evidence that a substantial percentage of children may suffer psychological upset as a
result of hospitalization
Skipper and Leonard (1968) - ANS-explored the effects of providing additional
information and support to mothers of hospitalized children
Vernon et al (1965) - ANS--support the belief that psychological preparation is an
effective means of reducing post-hospital upset
-found that only four of these determinants had been sufficiently investigated to warrant
summary and conclusion:
unfamiliarity of the hospital setting
separation from parents
age
prehospital experience
Wolfer and Visintainer (1975) - ANS-provided impressive evidence that psychological
preparation is an effective means of lessening the upset of children during
hospitalization as well as after discharge
Johnson, Kirchhoff and Endress (1975) - ANS-found that discrepancies between a
child's expectations and the actual physical sensations experiences produce distress in
the child
contagion hypothese - ANS-parental anxiety is transmitted to the child, who then shows
signs of stress
Castler (1961) - ANS-Institutionalized children who suffered stimulus deprivation over
prolonged periods demonstrated profound delay in cognitive, physical, emotional and
social development
Robertson (1958) and Bowlby (1960) - ANS-Both describe a series of three stages
which characterize a young child's response to seperation
The 3 Phases of Separation - ANS-Protest, despair and detachment
Protest - ANS-During this period of acute distress, children cry, scream and kick, all the
while eagerly looking for signs of their parent's return
Despair - ANS-If parents do not return, children may enter a period characterized by
"increased hopelessness"
Detachment - ANS-In this phase, children appear to be making a recovery, as they once
again become active and interested in their surroundings
, The upset child - ANS-The child is calm and quite, until the parents arrive.
The protest by the child is in fact a positive and reassuring sign that the child has not yet
slipped into the phase of detachment from the parents.
The child's interest in material goods - ANS-parents are met by an indifferent child, who
shows far more interest in the wrapped package than in the parent who has brought it
The 'highly social' child - ANS-allow human beings to come and go without regret
The child reluctant to leave - ANS-this represents a child in the detachment phase
Schaffer and Callender (1959) - ANS-offer substantiation for the belief that young
infants are less vulnerable than other infants
Kassowitz (1958) and Levy (1960) - ANS-found that young infants demonstrated less
response to inoculation prior to the event than did older infants
Campbell (1957) - ANS-supports the idea that the "contagion hypothesis" (transmission
of anxiety from parent to child) is operable for young infants
Scarr-Salapatek and Williams (1973) - ANS-came to the conclusion that child life
workers should design and implement a stimulation program for young infants to insure
maximum development while hospitalized
Anna Freud (1977) - ANS-Hospitalization often requires the child to temporarily yield
some or all of new found skills
Burton (1975) - ANS-Although any illness or hospitalization may place a severe stress
on the family system, chronic conditions present their own special hazards
(her study focused on patients with CF)
Hargrove and Dawson (1972) - ANS-claim that contentions concerning children's upset
in the presence of parents are based on a number of questionable assumptions
Care by parental units - ANS-parents live with their children and retain the role of
primary caregivers
Gofman et al (1957) - ANS-found that 57 percent of the parents whose children were
hospitalized experienced "overwhelming anxiety"
Hartley and Goldenson (1963) - ANS-play is not only the child's response to life; it is his
life, if he is to be a vital, growing, creative individual
Garvey (1977) - ANS-compiled a list of elements which characterize play:
-play is pleasurable, enjoyable
-play has no extrinsic goals
