MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS COMPLETE WITH 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Chronic liver disease may follow infection with each of the following viruses EXCEPT one. Which one is
the EXCEPTION?
A. Hepatitis A
B. Hepatitis B
C. Hepatitis C
D. Hepatitis D - ANSWER-Hepatitis A
\.T/F: An infection acquired during a hospital stay is referred to as both subclinical and opportunistic.The
absence of recognizable symptoms is typical in focal, primary, and subclinical infections. - ANSWER-
False, False
An infection acquired during a hospital stay is referred to as a nosocomial infection. A subclinical
infection is one in which no symptoms are recognized. Opportunistic infections are those that occur
when an organism that does not usually cause disease becomes pathogenic. Although it is true that no
symptoms are recognized in subclinical infections, this is not the case for focal or primary infections. A
focal infection is initially localized to one area and spreads elsewhere. A primary infection is an original
infection.
\.Viruses that persist in the body and cause recurrent disease are called
A. resistant.
B. cytopathic.
C. opportunistic.
D. oncogenic.
E. latent. - ANSWER-latent
,\.T/F: Human immunoglobulin IgG, which responds in allergic reactions, is the most abundant of the
various types in response to bacterial toxins.Human immunoglobulin IgA is found in exocrine secretions,
whereas immunoglobulin IgD triggers B-cell response. - ANSWER-False, True
\.T/F: Anthrax is categorized as a zoonotic infection because it primarily occurs in nonhumans and is not
transferred to humans. - ANSWER-True, False
\.Immunity acquired by vaccination is BEST classified as
A. natural active.
B. natural passive.
C. artificial active.
D. artificial passive - ANSWER-artificial active
\.Which of the following is NOT a bacterial virulence factor?
A. Capsule
B. Endotoxin
C. Kinase
D. Exotoxin
E. Cytokine - ANSWER-Cytokine
\.Of which hypersensitivity reaction is a positive tuberculin skin test an example?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV - ANSWER-Type IV
\.An example of an acid-producing bacteria that is also aciduric is
A. Lactobacillus.
B. Streptococcus mitis.
, C. Streptococcus sanguis.
D. Streptococcus viridans. - ANSWER-Lactobacillus
Lactobacilli not only produce acid but are also aciduric in nature, because they survive in a relatively
acidic environment (low pH). Aciduric bacteria are also known as "acid-loving."
\.An example of an infectious disease and possible sequela is
A. group A streptococcus and scarlet fever.
B. Lyme disease and arthritis.
C. hepatitis B and jaundice.
D. tuberculosis and emphysema.
E. giardiasis and diarrhea. - ANSWER-Lyme disease and arthritis.
Arthritis is permanent damage resulting from Lyme disease. Scarlet fever, which manifests as a bright-
red rash covering most of the body, is a disease resulting from infection with group A Streptococcus.
Jaundice is a symptom of infection with the hepatitis B virus. Emphysema is a disease of the lungs
unrelated to tuberculosis. Giardiasis is the name of a prolonged diarrheal disease caused by the
protozoa Giardia lamblia.
\.T/F: An infection caused by an oncogenic virus that is classified as cytopathic, resistant, and
opportunistic is called a latent infection because in latent infections the causative agent remains inactive
in the body for a period of time and can be reactivated to produce symptoms of the disease. - ANSWER-
False, True
\.T/F: Gingival exudate is considered an exogenous factor that influences oral microbial composition
because exudate originates outside of the exocrine (glandular) system. - ANSWER-False, False
\.Which of the following is NOT an oral manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
A. Hairy leukoplakia
B. Candidiasis
C. Linear gingival erythema
D. Papillomavirus (warts)
QUESTIONS COMPLETE WITH 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Chronic liver disease may follow infection with each of the following viruses EXCEPT one. Which one is
the EXCEPTION?
A. Hepatitis A
B. Hepatitis B
C. Hepatitis C
D. Hepatitis D - ANSWER-Hepatitis A
\.T/F: An infection acquired during a hospital stay is referred to as both subclinical and opportunistic.The
absence of recognizable symptoms is typical in focal, primary, and subclinical infections. - ANSWER-
False, False
An infection acquired during a hospital stay is referred to as a nosocomial infection. A subclinical
infection is one in which no symptoms are recognized. Opportunistic infections are those that occur
when an organism that does not usually cause disease becomes pathogenic. Although it is true that no
symptoms are recognized in subclinical infections, this is not the case for focal or primary infections. A
focal infection is initially localized to one area and spreads elsewhere. A primary infection is an original
infection.
\.Viruses that persist in the body and cause recurrent disease are called
A. resistant.
B. cytopathic.
C. opportunistic.
D. oncogenic.
E. latent. - ANSWER-latent
,\.T/F: Human immunoglobulin IgG, which responds in allergic reactions, is the most abundant of the
various types in response to bacterial toxins.Human immunoglobulin IgA is found in exocrine secretions,
whereas immunoglobulin IgD triggers B-cell response. - ANSWER-False, True
\.T/F: Anthrax is categorized as a zoonotic infection because it primarily occurs in nonhumans and is not
transferred to humans. - ANSWER-True, False
\.Immunity acquired by vaccination is BEST classified as
A. natural active.
B. natural passive.
C. artificial active.
D. artificial passive - ANSWER-artificial active
\.Which of the following is NOT a bacterial virulence factor?
A. Capsule
B. Endotoxin
C. Kinase
D. Exotoxin
E. Cytokine - ANSWER-Cytokine
\.Of which hypersensitivity reaction is a positive tuberculin skin test an example?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV - ANSWER-Type IV
\.An example of an acid-producing bacteria that is also aciduric is
A. Lactobacillus.
B. Streptococcus mitis.
, C. Streptococcus sanguis.
D. Streptococcus viridans. - ANSWER-Lactobacillus
Lactobacilli not only produce acid but are also aciduric in nature, because they survive in a relatively
acidic environment (low pH). Aciduric bacteria are also known as "acid-loving."
\.An example of an infectious disease and possible sequela is
A. group A streptococcus and scarlet fever.
B. Lyme disease and arthritis.
C. hepatitis B and jaundice.
D. tuberculosis and emphysema.
E. giardiasis and diarrhea. - ANSWER-Lyme disease and arthritis.
Arthritis is permanent damage resulting from Lyme disease. Scarlet fever, which manifests as a bright-
red rash covering most of the body, is a disease resulting from infection with group A Streptococcus.
Jaundice is a symptom of infection with the hepatitis B virus. Emphysema is a disease of the lungs
unrelated to tuberculosis. Giardiasis is the name of a prolonged diarrheal disease caused by the
protozoa Giardia lamblia.
\.T/F: An infection caused by an oncogenic virus that is classified as cytopathic, resistant, and
opportunistic is called a latent infection because in latent infections the causative agent remains inactive
in the body for a period of time and can be reactivated to produce symptoms of the disease. - ANSWER-
False, True
\.T/F: Gingival exudate is considered an exogenous factor that influences oral microbial composition
because exudate originates outside of the exocrine (glandular) system. - ANSWER-False, False
\.Which of the following is NOT an oral manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
A. Hairy leukoplakia
B. Candidiasis
C. Linear gingival erythema
D. Papillomavirus (warts)
