NUR 614 EXAM 1 (2026-2027) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ UNIVERSITY OF
ALABAMA
Which common pediatric murmurs are best heard at the Left Lower substernal
border (apex)
Mitral regurgitation
Mitral valve prolapse
Which common pediatric murmurs are best heard at the Right Lower substernal
border
Stills murmur (innocent)
VSD
Tetralogy of fallot
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Which common pediatric murmurs are best heard at the Left Upper substernal
border
PV/ PA stenosis
,ASD
Coarctation of aorta
Patent ductus arteriosus
Which common pediatric murmurs are best heard at the Right Upper substernal
border
Aortic stenosis
Arteries or veins
Which is thicker?
Which is able to stretch better with volume increases?
Arteries are thicker
Veins are able to stretch better with volume increases
When does the Foramen Ovale close? Where is blood diverted to?
Closes when PVR drops lower than SVR, blood enters pulmonary artery instead of
Left atrium
,What does the Ductus Arteriosus connect
Pulmonary artery to Aorta
When does the Ductus Arteriosus close?
within 12-14 hours after birth
How are the arterial walls and elasticity affected by aging
Arterial walls thicken & Elasticity is loss= stiffer & less resilient
What 2 physical exam findings are common in old people due to age related
vascular changes
Orthostatic hypotension
Isolated systolic hypertension
-blood vessels cant relax so BP increases more when heart contraction= higher BP
during systole, normal BP during diastole
Signs of Peripheral Artery Disease vs. Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Peripheral Artery Disease
, -pain/ numbness: intermittent claudication (worse during exercise, better with rest)
-shiny, cold skin
-hair loss, thickened nails
-decreased pulses
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
-dull pain thats worse w. standing & resolves w. leg elevation
-edema
-skin ulcerations along medial or lateral malleolus (ankle)
-nonhealing wounds
-cellulitis
how should pt be positioned to palpate carotid pulse
rotate head towards examiner & relax sternocleidomastoid
ANSWERS GRADED A+ UNIVERSITY OF
ALABAMA
Which common pediatric murmurs are best heard at the Left Lower substernal
border (apex)
Mitral regurgitation
Mitral valve prolapse
Which common pediatric murmurs are best heard at the Right Lower substernal
border
Stills murmur (innocent)
VSD
Tetralogy of fallot
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Which common pediatric murmurs are best heard at the Left Upper substernal
border
PV/ PA stenosis
,ASD
Coarctation of aorta
Patent ductus arteriosus
Which common pediatric murmurs are best heard at the Right Upper substernal
border
Aortic stenosis
Arteries or veins
Which is thicker?
Which is able to stretch better with volume increases?
Arteries are thicker
Veins are able to stretch better with volume increases
When does the Foramen Ovale close? Where is blood diverted to?
Closes when PVR drops lower than SVR, blood enters pulmonary artery instead of
Left atrium
,What does the Ductus Arteriosus connect
Pulmonary artery to Aorta
When does the Ductus Arteriosus close?
within 12-14 hours after birth
How are the arterial walls and elasticity affected by aging
Arterial walls thicken & Elasticity is loss= stiffer & less resilient
What 2 physical exam findings are common in old people due to age related
vascular changes
Orthostatic hypotension
Isolated systolic hypertension
-blood vessels cant relax so BP increases more when heart contraction= higher BP
during systole, normal BP during diastole
Signs of Peripheral Artery Disease vs. Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Peripheral Artery Disease
, -pain/ numbness: intermittent claudication (worse during exercise, better with rest)
-shiny, cold skin
-hair loss, thickened nails
-decreased pulses
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
-dull pain thats worse w. standing & resolves w. leg elevation
-edema
-skin ulcerations along medial or lateral malleolus (ankle)
-nonhealing wounds
-cellulitis
how should pt be positioned to palpate carotid pulse
rotate head towards examiner & relax sternocleidomastoid
