PNR 204/PNR204 Exam 1 V2 | Pediatric
Nursing Q&A with Rationale | Fortis
College
1. According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which developmental stage is characteristic of
an infant from birth to 1 year?
A. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
B. Industry vs. Inferiority
C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Trust vs. Mistrust
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: In Erikson’s theory, the primary task of infancy is the development of
trust. This is achieved when caregivers consistently meet the infant’s needs for food,
comfort, and safety. If these needs are not met, the infant may develop a pervasive sense of
mistrust and insecurity.
2. A nurse is assessing a 4-month-old infant. Which developmental milestone should the
nurse expect the infant to have achieved?
A. Sitting unsupported
B. Rolling from back to side
C. Pincer grasp development
,D. Walking with assistance
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: By 4 months of age, infants typically have enough muscle control to
roll from their back to their side. Sitting unsupported usually occurs around 6 to 8 months.
The pincer grasp is a fine motor skill that generally develops between 8 and 10 months.
3. When providing education on SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) prevention, which
sleeping position should the nurse recommend?
A. Prone (on the stomach)
B. Supine (on the back)
C. Side-lying with a bolster
D. Semi-Fowler’s in a car seat
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: The ‘Back to Sleep’ campaign emphasizes that infants should always
be placed in the supine position to reduce the risk of SIDS. Sleeping on the stomach or side
increases the risk of airway obstruction and rebreathing carbon dioxide. A firm sleep
surface free of blankets and toys is also essential for safety.
4. At what age does the anterior fontanel typically close in a healthy child?
A. 2 to 3 months
B. 6 to 9 months
, C. 24 to 36 months
D. 12 to 18 months
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: The anterior fontanel usually closes between 12 and 18 months of
age. In contrast, the posterior fontanel closes much earlier, typically by 2 to 3 months.
Monitoring fontanel closure is a vital part of assessing neurological and physical
development in infants.
5. A mother of a 6-month-old asks when she should start introducing solid foods. What is the
best response by the nurse?
A. Begin solids at 3 months if the baby seems hungry.
B. Wait until the child is 12 months old to prevent allergies.
C. Start with citrus fruits to provide Vitamin C.
D. Introduce solids now, starting with iron-fortified rice cereal.
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends introducing solid
foods around 6 months of age. Iron-fortified rice cereal is typically the first food introduced
because it is easily digested and low in allergenicity. New foods should be introduced one
at a time over several days to monitor for allergic reactions.
Nursing Q&A with Rationale | Fortis
College
1. According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which developmental stage is characteristic of
an infant from birth to 1 year?
A. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
B. Industry vs. Inferiority
C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Trust vs. Mistrust
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: In Erikson’s theory, the primary task of infancy is the development of
trust. This is achieved when caregivers consistently meet the infant’s needs for food,
comfort, and safety. If these needs are not met, the infant may develop a pervasive sense of
mistrust and insecurity.
2. A nurse is assessing a 4-month-old infant. Which developmental milestone should the
nurse expect the infant to have achieved?
A. Sitting unsupported
B. Rolling from back to side
C. Pincer grasp development
,D. Walking with assistance
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: By 4 months of age, infants typically have enough muscle control to
roll from their back to their side. Sitting unsupported usually occurs around 6 to 8 months.
The pincer grasp is a fine motor skill that generally develops between 8 and 10 months.
3. When providing education on SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) prevention, which
sleeping position should the nurse recommend?
A. Prone (on the stomach)
B. Supine (on the back)
C. Side-lying with a bolster
D. Semi-Fowler’s in a car seat
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: The ‘Back to Sleep’ campaign emphasizes that infants should always
be placed in the supine position to reduce the risk of SIDS. Sleeping on the stomach or side
increases the risk of airway obstruction and rebreathing carbon dioxide. A firm sleep
surface free of blankets and toys is also essential for safety.
4. At what age does the anterior fontanel typically close in a healthy child?
A. 2 to 3 months
B. 6 to 9 months
, C. 24 to 36 months
D. 12 to 18 months
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: The anterior fontanel usually closes between 12 and 18 months of
age. In contrast, the posterior fontanel closes much earlier, typically by 2 to 3 months.
Monitoring fontanel closure is a vital part of assessing neurological and physical
development in infants.
5. A mother of a 6-month-old asks when she should start introducing solid foods. What is the
best response by the nurse?
A. Begin solids at 3 months if the baby seems hungry.
B. Wait until the child is 12 months old to prevent allergies.
C. Start with citrus fruits to provide Vitamin C.
D. Introduce solids now, starting with iron-fortified rice cereal.
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends introducing solid
foods around 6 months of age. Iron-fortified rice cereal is typically the first food introduced
because it is easily digested and low in allergenicity. New foods should be introduced one
at a time over several days to monitor for allergic reactions.
