PNR 204/PNR204 Exam 1 V1 | Pediatric
Nursing Q&A with Rationale | Fortis
College
1. A nurse is evaluating the developmental progress of a 4-month-old infant. Which of the
following findings should the nurse identify as a milestone typically achieved by this age?
A. Rolling from back to side
B. Using a pincer grasp to pick up small objects
C. Sitting up without support
D. Standing while holding onto furniture
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: At 4 months of age, an infant is expected to roll from their back to
their side as gross motor skills develop. Sitting without support usually occurs around 6 to
8 months, while the pincer grasp is a fine motor skill seen at 8 to 10 months. Standing with
support, also known as cruising, typically occurs closer to 10 to 12 months.
2. A nurse is teaching a parent about introducing solid foods to a 6-month-old infant. Which
of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A. Start with citrus fruits to provide Vitamin C.
B. Introduce iron-fortified rice cereal as the first food.
C. Mix solid foods into the infant’s bottle for easier swallowing.
,D. Introduce three new foods at a time to determine preferences.
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Iron-fortified rice cereal is the recommended first solid food due to
its low allergenic potential and the infant’s need for iron at 6 months. New foods should be
introduced one at a time, usually 4 to 7 days apart, to identify potential food allergies.
Feeding solids in a bottle is discouraged because it can lead to choking and overfeeding.
3. According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, which of the following tasks is
the primary focus for a toddler (ages 1 to 3 years)?
A. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
B. Initiative vs. Guilt
C. Industry vs. Inferiority
D. Trust vs. Mistrust
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Toddlers are in the Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage, where they
seek to exert independence and control over their environment. Success in this stage leads
to self-confidence, while failure can lead to feelings of inadequacy. Trust vs. Mistrust
applies to infants, Initiative vs. Guilt to preschoolers, and Industry vs. Inferiority to school-
aged children.
, 4. A nurse is assessing a 2-year-old child during a well-child visit. Which type of play should
the nurse expect to observe?
A. Cooperative play
B. Parallel play
C. Associative play
D. Solitary play
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Parallel play is the hallmark of the toddler stage, where children play
independently but alongside other children. They do not yet possess the social skills to play
with others in a coordinated manner. Cooperative play is seen in school-aged children,
while associative play is common in preschoolers.
5. A nurse is assessing the fontanels of a 6-month-old infant. Which of the following findings
is expected?
A. The posterior fontanel is open and bulging.
B. The anterior fontanel is closed.
C. The posterior fontanel is closed.
D. Both fontanels are fused and non-palpable.
Correct Answer: C
Nursing Q&A with Rationale | Fortis
College
1. A nurse is evaluating the developmental progress of a 4-month-old infant. Which of the
following findings should the nurse identify as a milestone typically achieved by this age?
A. Rolling from back to side
B. Using a pincer grasp to pick up small objects
C. Sitting up without support
D. Standing while holding onto furniture
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: At 4 months of age, an infant is expected to roll from their back to
their side as gross motor skills develop. Sitting without support usually occurs around 6 to
8 months, while the pincer grasp is a fine motor skill seen at 8 to 10 months. Standing with
support, also known as cruising, typically occurs closer to 10 to 12 months.
2. A nurse is teaching a parent about introducing solid foods to a 6-month-old infant. Which
of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A. Start with citrus fruits to provide Vitamin C.
B. Introduce iron-fortified rice cereal as the first food.
C. Mix solid foods into the infant’s bottle for easier swallowing.
,D. Introduce three new foods at a time to determine preferences.
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Iron-fortified rice cereal is the recommended first solid food due to
its low allergenic potential and the infant’s need for iron at 6 months. New foods should be
introduced one at a time, usually 4 to 7 days apart, to identify potential food allergies.
Feeding solids in a bottle is discouraged because it can lead to choking and overfeeding.
3. According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, which of the following tasks is
the primary focus for a toddler (ages 1 to 3 years)?
A. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
B. Initiative vs. Guilt
C. Industry vs. Inferiority
D. Trust vs. Mistrust
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Toddlers are in the Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage, where they
seek to exert independence and control over their environment. Success in this stage leads
to self-confidence, while failure can lead to feelings of inadequacy. Trust vs. Mistrust
applies to infants, Initiative vs. Guilt to preschoolers, and Industry vs. Inferiority to school-
aged children.
, 4. A nurse is assessing a 2-year-old child during a well-child visit. Which type of play should
the nurse expect to observe?
A. Cooperative play
B. Parallel play
C. Associative play
D. Solitary play
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Parallel play is the hallmark of the toddler stage, where children play
independently but alongside other children. They do not yet possess the social skills to play
with others in a coordinated manner. Cooperative play is seen in school-aged children,
while associative play is common in preschoolers.
5. A nurse is assessing the fontanels of a 6-month-old infant. Which of the following findings
is expected?
A. The posterior fontanel is open and bulging.
B. The anterior fontanel is closed.
C. The posterior fontanel is closed.
D. Both fontanels are fused and non-palpable.
Correct Answer: C
