PNR 204/PNR204 Exam 2 V1 | Pediatric
Nursing Q&A with Rationale | Fortis
College
1. A nurse is assessing a 10-month-old infant during a well-baby visit. According to Erikson’s
theory, which developmental stage is the infant currently experiencing?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The infant stage from birth to 1 year is characterized by the conflict
of Trust vs. Mistrust. During this phase, the infant learns whether or not they can rely on
their caregivers to meet basic needs such as food and comfort. Successful completion of this
stage results in a sense of security and optimism in the child.
2. A child is admitted with suspected epiglottitis. Which of the following nursing actions is the
highest priority?
A. Obtaining a throat culture to identify the pathogen
B. Assessing the throat with a tongue depressor
C. Ensuring emergency intubation equipment is at the bedside
,D. Administering a dose of oral acetaminophen for fever
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Epiglottitis is a life-threatening medical emergency that can lead to
sudden and total airway obstruction. The nurse must never use a tongue blade or swab the
throat because this can trigger a fatal laryngospasm. Maintaining a patent airway and
having resuscitation equipment ready are the most critical safety measures for this patient.
3. The nurse is providing education to the parents of a child newly diagnosed with Cystic
Fibrosis (CF). Which statement should the nurse include regarding the administration of
pancreatic enzymes?
A. Administer the enzymes only if the child has a large, fatty stool.
B. Enzymes should be given at bedtime to improve absorption during sleep.
C. Give the enzymes with every meal and snack the child consumes.
D. The capsules should be crushed and mixed into hot oatmeal.
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: In Cystic Fibrosis, pancreatic duct blockage prevents digestive
enzymes from reaching the duodenum, leading to malabsorption. Pancreatic enzymes must
be administered with all meals and snacks to ensure the digestion of fats and proteins. This
intervention is necessary to prevent steatorrhea and promote adequate nutritional growth
in the child.
, 4. A toddler is hospitalized with laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup). Which clinical
manifestation is most characteristic of this condition?
A. Expiratory wheezing and prolonged expiration
B. Productive cough with thick, green sputum
C. High-pitched inspiratory stridor and a barking cough
D. Silent chest with no audible breath sounds
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Croup is characterized by inflammation of the larynx and trachea,
which results in a distinct barking or brassy cough. Inspiratory stridor occurs as air is
forced through a narrowed subglottic area during inhalation. Symptoms typically worsen at
night and may improve with exposure to cool, moist air.
5. A nurse is caring for an infant with Tetralogy of Fallot who begins to cry and becomes
severely cyanotic. What is the nurse’s immediate action?
A. Start an intravenous line for fluid resuscitation
B. Place the infant in the knee-chest position
C. Apply a high-flow oxygen mask immediately
D. Administer an oral dose of digoxin as prescribed
Correct Answer: B
Nursing Q&A with Rationale | Fortis
College
1. A nurse is assessing a 10-month-old infant during a well-baby visit. According to Erikson’s
theory, which developmental stage is the infant currently experiencing?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The infant stage from birth to 1 year is characterized by the conflict
of Trust vs. Mistrust. During this phase, the infant learns whether or not they can rely on
their caregivers to meet basic needs such as food and comfort. Successful completion of this
stage results in a sense of security and optimism in the child.
2. A child is admitted with suspected epiglottitis. Which of the following nursing actions is the
highest priority?
A. Obtaining a throat culture to identify the pathogen
B. Assessing the throat with a tongue depressor
C. Ensuring emergency intubation equipment is at the bedside
,D. Administering a dose of oral acetaminophen for fever
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Epiglottitis is a life-threatening medical emergency that can lead to
sudden and total airway obstruction. The nurse must never use a tongue blade or swab the
throat because this can trigger a fatal laryngospasm. Maintaining a patent airway and
having resuscitation equipment ready are the most critical safety measures for this patient.
3. The nurse is providing education to the parents of a child newly diagnosed with Cystic
Fibrosis (CF). Which statement should the nurse include regarding the administration of
pancreatic enzymes?
A. Administer the enzymes only if the child has a large, fatty stool.
B. Enzymes should be given at bedtime to improve absorption during sleep.
C. Give the enzymes with every meal and snack the child consumes.
D. The capsules should be crushed and mixed into hot oatmeal.
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: In Cystic Fibrosis, pancreatic duct blockage prevents digestive
enzymes from reaching the duodenum, leading to malabsorption. Pancreatic enzymes must
be administered with all meals and snacks to ensure the digestion of fats and proteins. This
intervention is necessary to prevent steatorrhea and promote adequate nutritional growth
in the child.
, 4. A toddler is hospitalized with laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup). Which clinical
manifestation is most characteristic of this condition?
A. Expiratory wheezing and prolonged expiration
B. Productive cough with thick, green sputum
C. High-pitched inspiratory stridor and a barking cough
D. Silent chest with no audible breath sounds
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Croup is characterized by inflammation of the larynx and trachea,
which results in a distinct barking or brassy cough. Inspiratory stridor occurs as air is
forced through a narrowed subglottic area during inhalation. Symptoms typically worsen at
night and may improve with exposure to cool, moist air.
5. A nurse is caring for an infant with Tetralogy of Fallot who begins to cry and becomes
severely cyanotic. What is the nurse’s immediate action?
A. Start an intravenous line for fluid resuscitation
B. Place the infant in the knee-chest position
C. Apply a high-flow oxygen mask immediately
D. Administer an oral dose of digoxin as prescribed
Correct Answer: B
