PNR 204/PNR204 Exam 1 V3 | Pediatric
Nursing Q&A with Rationale | Fortis
College
1. According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, which task is primary for an
infant from birth to 1 year?
A. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
B. Industry vs. Inferiority
C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Trust vs. Mistrust
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Trust vs. Mistrust is the foundational stage where infants learn to
rely on caregivers for basic needs. Consistent care leads to a sense of security and trust in
the world. If needs are not met, the infant develops a sense of suspicion and anxiety.
2. A nurse is assessing a 4-month-old infant. Which developmental milestone should the
nurse expect to observe?
A. Sitting up without support
B. Pincer grasp development
C. Rolling from back to side
,D. Walking with assistance
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: By 4 months, most infants have gained enough neck and trunk
control to roll from their back to their side. Sitting unsupported usually occurs around 6 to
8 months. The pincer grasp is a fine motor skill typically mastered closer to 9 months of
age.
3. Which pain scale is most appropriate for a 3-year-old child who can communicate but lacks
numerical understanding?
A. Wong-Baker FACES Scale
B. FLACC Scale
C. Numeric Rating Scale (0-10)
D. Visual Analog Scale
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The Wong-Baker FACES Scale uses drawings of happy and sad faces
to help young children communicate their pain level. It is designed specifically for children
as young as 3 years who cannot yet grasp the concept of numbers. The FLACC scale is more
suitable for non-verbal infants or children who cannot provide self-report.
4. A mother expresses concern that her 2-year-old child is not eating as much as they did as
an infant. What is the nurse’s best response?
A. The child needs immediate metabolic testing.
, B. Force-feed the child to ensure caloric intake.
C. This is physiologic anorexia common in toddlers.
D. Start the child on high-calorie supplements.
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Physiologic anorexia occurs in toddlers because their growth rate
slows down significantly compared to infancy. Consequently, their appetite decreases,
which often alarms parents who are used to rapid weight gain. The nurse should reassure
the parent that this is a normal developmental phase and to offer small, nutritious snacks.
5. When administering ear drops to a 2-year-old child, how should the nurse position the
pinna?
A. Up and back
B. Down and forward
C. Straight back
D. Down and back
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: For children under the age of 3, the external ear canal is short and
straightens when the pinna is pulled down and back. This facilitates the flow of medication
into the ear canal effectively. For individuals older than 3 years, the pinna is pulled up and
back.
Nursing Q&A with Rationale | Fortis
College
1. According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, which task is primary for an
infant from birth to 1 year?
A. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
B. Industry vs. Inferiority
C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Trust vs. Mistrust
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Trust vs. Mistrust is the foundational stage where infants learn to
rely on caregivers for basic needs. Consistent care leads to a sense of security and trust in
the world. If needs are not met, the infant develops a sense of suspicion and anxiety.
2. A nurse is assessing a 4-month-old infant. Which developmental milestone should the
nurse expect to observe?
A. Sitting up without support
B. Pincer grasp development
C. Rolling from back to side
,D. Walking with assistance
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: By 4 months, most infants have gained enough neck and trunk
control to roll from their back to their side. Sitting unsupported usually occurs around 6 to
8 months. The pincer grasp is a fine motor skill typically mastered closer to 9 months of
age.
3. Which pain scale is most appropriate for a 3-year-old child who can communicate but lacks
numerical understanding?
A. Wong-Baker FACES Scale
B. FLACC Scale
C. Numeric Rating Scale (0-10)
D. Visual Analog Scale
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The Wong-Baker FACES Scale uses drawings of happy and sad faces
to help young children communicate their pain level. It is designed specifically for children
as young as 3 years who cannot yet grasp the concept of numbers. The FLACC scale is more
suitable for non-verbal infants or children who cannot provide self-report.
4. A mother expresses concern that her 2-year-old child is not eating as much as they did as
an infant. What is the nurse’s best response?
A. The child needs immediate metabolic testing.
, B. Force-feed the child to ensure caloric intake.
C. This is physiologic anorexia common in toddlers.
D. Start the child on high-calorie supplements.
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Physiologic anorexia occurs in toddlers because their growth rate
slows down significantly compared to infancy. Consequently, their appetite decreases,
which often alarms parents who are used to rapid weight gain. The nurse should reassure
the parent that this is a normal developmental phase and to offer small, nutritious snacks.
5. When administering ear drops to a 2-year-old child, how should the nurse position the
pinna?
A. Up and back
B. Down and forward
C. Straight back
D. Down and back
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: For children under the age of 3, the external ear canal is short and
straightens when the pinna is pulled down and back. This facilitates the flow of medication
into the ear canal effectively. For individuals older than 3 years, the pinna is pulled up and
back.
