EXPH 386 ACTUAL PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ cell body (soma) -peripheral.
Answer: dictates the critical firing rate of the action potential. Larger cell
bodies are associated with higher critical firing rates. Also contain the
structures involved in replication and transmission of the genetic code
⩥ Dendrites.
Answer: short neural branches that *receive* impulses through
numerous connections and conduct them *toward the cell body*
⩥ Axon
(Larger nerve--> larger axon).
Answer: extends from the cell body to deliver action potentials *toward
the muscle* to the motor endplate. Larger axons are associated with
faster conduction velocities.
⩥ Myelin sheath.
Answer: a lipoprotein membrane that wraps around the *axon* over
most of its length; acts as an electrical insulator that envelops the axon
similar to the plastic coating around an electrical wire.
,⩥ myelin sheath.
Answer: the speed of action potentials depend on this
⩥ Schwann cells.
Answer: specialized cells that create or deposit the myelin sheath around
the axon
-makes myelin protein
⩥ Nodes of Ranvier.
Answer: interrupts the myelin sheath every 1 to 2 mm along the length
of the axon
-small breaks in myelin exposes this
⩥ saltatory conduction.
Answer: the gaps or interruptions are insulated areas that allow the
action potential to jump from node to node, this is known as
⩥ slower.
Answer: If no myelin were present, conduction velocities would be a lot
_____
⩥ nerve terminal branches.
,Answer: multiple extensions of the axon that innervate individual
muscle fibers
-each fiber is going to receive input from *one* terminal branch
⩥ motor endplate or neuromuscular junction.
Answer: represents the interface between the end of the *axon* at the
terminal branch and the *muscle fiber*
⩥ fibers, which run parallel to eachother
( force is directed along the fibers long axis).
Answer: the skeletal muscles of the body are composed of
multinucleated cylindrical cells called _________, which ______
⩥ endomysium (connective tissue).
Answer: -between fibers
- a fine layer of connective tissue that wraps each muscle fiber and
separates it from the neighboring fibers
⩥ perimysium (connective tissue).
Answer: surrounds a bundle of up to 150 fibers
⩥ fasiculus (connective tissue).
Answer: a large bundle of fibers
, ⩥ epimysium (connective tissue).
Answer: -deep fascia
- a fascia of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle
⩥ tendons (connective tissue).
Answer: dense connective tissue, the extension of the epimysium at the
ends of the muscle
⩥ periosteum (connective tissue).
Answer: bones outermost covering; tendons connect the muscle to this
covering of the bone
⩥ sarcolemma (skeletal muscle).
Answer: -wraps the fiber
- the muscles fiber membrane; a thin elastic membrane that encloses the
fibers cellular contents. the true fiber boundary
⩥ basement membrane (skeletal muscle).
Answer: -outside the muscle
a loose collection of glycoproteins and collagen; outside the muscle fiber
⩥ sarcoplasm (skeletal muscle).
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ cell body (soma) -peripheral.
Answer: dictates the critical firing rate of the action potential. Larger cell
bodies are associated with higher critical firing rates. Also contain the
structures involved in replication and transmission of the genetic code
⩥ Dendrites.
Answer: short neural branches that *receive* impulses through
numerous connections and conduct them *toward the cell body*
⩥ Axon
(Larger nerve--> larger axon).
Answer: extends from the cell body to deliver action potentials *toward
the muscle* to the motor endplate. Larger axons are associated with
faster conduction velocities.
⩥ Myelin sheath.
Answer: a lipoprotein membrane that wraps around the *axon* over
most of its length; acts as an electrical insulator that envelops the axon
similar to the plastic coating around an electrical wire.
,⩥ myelin sheath.
Answer: the speed of action potentials depend on this
⩥ Schwann cells.
Answer: specialized cells that create or deposit the myelin sheath around
the axon
-makes myelin protein
⩥ Nodes of Ranvier.
Answer: interrupts the myelin sheath every 1 to 2 mm along the length
of the axon
-small breaks in myelin exposes this
⩥ saltatory conduction.
Answer: the gaps or interruptions are insulated areas that allow the
action potential to jump from node to node, this is known as
⩥ slower.
Answer: If no myelin were present, conduction velocities would be a lot
_____
⩥ nerve terminal branches.
,Answer: multiple extensions of the axon that innervate individual
muscle fibers
-each fiber is going to receive input from *one* terminal branch
⩥ motor endplate or neuromuscular junction.
Answer: represents the interface between the end of the *axon* at the
terminal branch and the *muscle fiber*
⩥ fibers, which run parallel to eachother
( force is directed along the fibers long axis).
Answer: the skeletal muscles of the body are composed of
multinucleated cylindrical cells called _________, which ______
⩥ endomysium (connective tissue).
Answer: -between fibers
- a fine layer of connective tissue that wraps each muscle fiber and
separates it from the neighboring fibers
⩥ perimysium (connective tissue).
Answer: surrounds a bundle of up to 150 fibers
⩥ fasiculus (connective tissue).
Answer: a large bundle of fibers
, ⩥ epimysium (connective tissue).
Answer: -deep fascia
- a fascia of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle
⩥ tendons (connective tissue).
Answer: dense connective tissue, the extension of the epimysium at the
ends of the muscle
⩥ periosteum (connective tissue).
Answer: bones outermost covering; tendons connect the muscle to this
covering of the bone
⩥ sarcolemma (skeletal muscle).
Answer: -wraps the fiber
- the muscles fiber membrane; a thin elastic membrane that encloses the
fibers cellular contents. the true fiber boundary
⩥ basement membrane (skeletal muscle).
Answer: -outside the muscle
a loose collection of glycoproteins and collagen; outside the muscle fiber
⩥ sarcoplasm (skeletal muscle).
