UvA Psychology Selection Exam | High-Yield
Questions, Answers & Admission Test Guide
|Expert Guarantee Pass and 100% Accurate |
Frequently Most Tested Questions | Latest Exam ,
Newest Version and Well Rationalized!!!
Define consciousness
Correct Answer:
A person's subjective experience of the world and the mind.
Define cartesian theatre
Correct Answer:
A mental screen or stage on which things appear to be presented for viewing by
the mind's eye
Define phenomenology
Correct Answer:
How things actually seem in the state of consciousness in terms of the quality of
experience.
What is the homunculus problem?
Correct Answer:
Difficulty of explaining the experience of consciousness by advocating another
internal self.
What makes it so hard to study consciousness?
Correct Answer:
,There is no way to measure the conscious experience directly
What is the hard problem of consciousness?
Correct Answer:
The difficulty of explaining how subjective experience could ever arise.
What is the problem of other minds?
Correct Answer:
The fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others.
There is a personal quality to qualia that cannot be directly accessed by others,
no matter how well you describe the experience. For example, I know how red
looks like to me but no matter how well I describe the colour red I will never be
able to know if others see red(experience life) in the same way I do.
Define Qualia
Correct Answer:
Subjective experiences we have as part of our mental life.
Define materialism
Correct Answer:
Philosophical position that mental states are a product of physical processes
alone.
Define anthropomorphism
Correct Answer:
The tendency to attribute human qualities to nonhuman things
Gray et al(2007)
Correct Answer:
Aim: To investigate how people perceive other minds
Method: Participants took part in a large online survey in which they were asked
to compare the minds of 13 different targets such as a baby, chimp, robot , man
and woman, on 18 different mental capacities such as feeling pain, pleasure,
hunger and consciousness.
Results: Participants who were judging the mental capacity to feel pain, for
example, compared targets: is a frog able to feel more pain than a dog? Is a
,baby or a robot more able to feel pain? Is a seven-week-old fetus or a man in a
persistent vegetative state more able to feel pain? When the researchers
examined all the comparisons on the different mental capacities with the
computational technique of factor analysis (see Chapter 9), they found two
dimensions of mind perception.
Conclusion: People judge minds according to the capacity for experience, such
as the ability to feel pain, pleasure, hunger, consciousness, anger or fear, and
the capacity for agency, such as the ability for self-control, planning, memory or
thought
What is the mind-body problem?
Correct Answer:
The issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body.
Libet(1985)
Correct Answer:
Aim: To investigate if we have authorship of our actions.
Method: An EEG was used to measure the electrical activity in volunteers' brains
as they repeatedly decided when to move a hand. Participants were also asked
to indicate exactly when they consciously choose to move by reporting the
position of a dot moving rapidly around the face of a clock just at the point of the
decision. An EMG was used to record the actual movement of the muscle
Results: the brain seemed to show electrical activity around half a second
before a voluntary action. But it also interestingly showed that the brain started
to show electrical activity more than 300ms before the participant's conscious
decision to move.
Conclusion: The results suggest that the feeling that you are consciously willing
your actions, it seems, maybe a result rather than a cause of your brain activity.
Define choice blindness
Correct Answer:
When people are unaware of their decision-making processes and justify a
choice as if it were already decided
Johansson et al (2005)
Correct Answer:
, Aim: To investigate whether adults were unaware of the choices which they
made.
Method: Adults were asked to choose which of two female faces was more
attractive in a picture. On some trials, immediately after making the decision,
participants were asked to explain why they had selected a particular face.
However, by use of sleight of hand, they were sometimes handed the card with
the face they had just rejected.
Results: Not only were most switches undetected but participants went on to
give explanations for preferring the switched face even when they had not
chosen it.
Conclusion: This study depicts the idea of choice blindness
What are the four basic properties of consciousness?
Correct Answer:
Intentionality (it is often about something),
Unity (its resistance to division e.g. an image can be seen in two ways but only
one way of seeing the image can be viewed at a time),
selectivity and transience
Define change blindness
Correct Answer:
An unawareness of significant events changing in full view, reveals that, without
attention, we miss much of what is happening in the world
Neisser and Becklen(1975)
Correct Answer:
Aim: To investigate whether participants can focus on two things at the same
time.
Method: Participants had to divide their attention by reacting to two games
superimposed on a TV screen. They had to push one button when one person
Questions, Answers & Admission Test Guide
|Expert Guarantee Pass and 100% Accurate |
Frequently Most Tested Questions | Latest Exam ,
Newest Version and Well Rationalized!!!
Define consciousness
Correct Answer:
A person's subjective experience of the world and the mind.
Define cartesian theatre
Correct Answer:
A mental screen or stage on which things appear to be presented for viewing by
the mind's eye
Define phenomenology
Correct Answer:
How things actually seem in the state of consciousness in terms of the quality of
experience.
What is the homunculus problem?
Correct Answer:
Difficulty of explaining the experience of consciousness by advocating another
internal self.
What makes it so hard to study consciousness?
Correct Answer:
,There is no way to measure the conscious experience directly
What is the hard problem of consciousness?
Correct Answer:
The difficulty of explaining how subjective experience could ever arise.
What is the problem of other minds?
Correct Answer:
The fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others.
There is a personal quality to qualia that cannot be directly accessed by others,
no matter how well you describe the experience. For example, I know how red
looks like to me but no matter how well I describe the colour red I will never be
able to know if others see red(experience life) in the same way I do.
Define Qualia
Correct Answer:
Subjective experiences we have as part of our mental life.
Define materialism
Correct Answer:
Philosophical position that mental states are a product of physical processes
alone.
Define anthropomorphism
Correct Answer:
The tendency to attribute human qualities to nonhuman things
Gray et al(2007)
Correct Answer:
Aim: To investigate how people perceive other minds
Method: Participants took part in a large online survey in which they were asked
to compare the minds of 13 different targets such as a baby, chimp, robot , man
and woman, on 18 different mental capacities such as feeling pain, pleasure,
hunger and consciousness.
Results: Participants who were judging the mental capacity to feel pain, for
example, compared targets: is a frog able to feel more pain than a dog? Is a
,baby or a robot more able to feel pain? Is a seven-week-old fetus or a man in a
persistent vegetative state more able to feel pain? When the researchers
examined all the comparisons on the different mental capacities with the
computational technique of factor analysis (see Chapter 9), they found two
dimensions of mind perception.
Conclusion: People judge minds according to the capacity for experience, such
as the ability to feel pain, pleasure, hunger, consciousness, anger or fear, and
the capacity for agency, such as the ability for self-control, planning, memory or
thought
What is the mind-body problem?
Correct Answer:
The issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body.
Libet(1985)
Correct Answer:
Aim: To investigate if we have authorship of our actions.
Method: An EEG was used to measure the electrical activity in volunteers' brains
as they repeatedly decided when to move a hand. Participants were also asked
to indicate exactly when they consciously choose to move by reporting the
position of a dot moving rapidly around the face of a clock just at the point of the
decision. An EMG was used to record the actual movement of the muscle
Results: the brain seemed to show electrical activity around half a second
before a voluntary action. But it also interestingly showed that the brain started
to show electrical activity more than 300ms before the participant's conscious
decision to move.
Conclusion: The results suggest that the feeling that you are consciously willing
your actions, it seems, maybe a result rather than a cause of your brain activity.
Define choice blindness
Correct Answer:
When people are unaware of their decision-making processes and justify a
choice as if it were already decided
Johansson et al (2005)
Correct Answer:
, Aim: To investigate whether adults were unaware of the choices which they
made.
Method: Adults were asked to choose which of two female faces was more
attractive in a picture. On some trials, immediately after making the decision,
participants were asked to explain why they had selected a particular face.
However, by use of sleight of hand, they were sometimes handed the card with
the face they had just rejected.
Results: Not only were most switches undetected but participants went on to
give explanations for preferring the switched face even when they had not
chosen it.
Conclusion: This study depicts the idea of choice blindness
What are the four basic properties of consciousness?
Correct Answer:
Intentionality (it is often about something),
Unity (its resistance to division e.g. an image can be seen in two ways but only
one way of seeing the image can be viewed at a time),
selectivity and transience
Define change blindness
Correct Answer:
An unawareness of significant events changing in full view, reveals that, without
attention, we miss much of what is happening in the world
Neisser and Becklen(1975)
Correct Answer:
Aim: To investigate whether participants can focus on two things at the same
time.
Method: Participants had to divide their attention by reacting to two games
superimposed on a TV screen. They had to push one button when one person
