NSG 533 Exam 1 with Questions and Answers

NSG 533 Exam 1 with Questions and Answers A 20-year-old patient with diabetes mellitus is admitted with lethargy, polydipsia, and polyuria. pH: 7.24 pCO2: 23 mmHg HCO3: 10 mEq./L Na: 130 mEq./L K: 4.5 mEq./L Cl: 94 mEq./L Glucose: 600 mg/dl ANSWER Primary (simple) elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis A 72-year-old woman with a brain tumor (diagnosed 3 months ago) presents with an acute change in mental status that began about 1 hour ago. She is currently comatose and exhibits Kussmaul respirations. A CT scan of the head reveals an intracerebral hemorrhage with midline shift. pH: 7.54 pCO2: 20 mmHg HCO3: 18 mEq./L Na: 136 mEq./L Cl: 103 mEq./L ANSWER Primary (simple) respiratory alkalosis A 20-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his sister, who tells you that he swallowed a bottle of pills. pH: 7.42 pCO2: 15 mmHg HCO3: 8 mEq./L Na: 140 mEq./L K: 3.5 mEq./L Cl: 104 mEq./L ANSWER Mixed respiratory alkalosis and elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis