BIOL 1593 FINAL EXAM
6 with questions and
well verified answers
2026
Question 1
Which subatomic particle has a negative charge and is found orbiting the
nucleus?
A) Proton
B) Electron
C) Neutron
D) Nucleus
Answer: B) Electron
Rationale:
,Correct Answer (B): Electrons are negatively charged particles that exist in
electron clouds surrounding the atomic nucleus.
Option A: Protons are positively charged and located within the nucleus.
Option C: Neutrons have no charge (neutral) and are also found in the nucleus.
Option D: The nucleus is the central part of the atom containing protons and
neutrons, not a particle itself.
Question 2
What type of chemical bond involves the complete transfer of electrons from one
atom to another?
A) Covalent bond
B) Van der Waals force
C) Ionic bond
D) Hydrogen bond
Answer: C) Ionic bond
Rationale:
Correct Answer (C): Ionic bonds form when one atom donates an electron to
another, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.
Option A: Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
Option B: Van der Waals forces are very weak, transient attractions caused by
temporary dipoles.
Option D: Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between a hydrogen atom and
an electronegative atom like oxygen or nitrogen.
Question 3
Which property of water allows it to act as a universal solvent for polar and ionic
substances?
,A) Cohesion
B) High specific heat
C) Adhesion
D) Polarity
Answer: D) Polarity
Rationale:
Correct Answer (D): Water's polar nature, with a partial positive charge on
hydrogen and a partial negative charge on oxygen, enables it to surround and
dissolve ions and other polar molecules.
Option A: Cohesion is the attraction of water molecules to each other,
responsible for surface tension.
Option B: High specific heat refers to water's ability to absorb a lot of heat before
its temperature rises, which is important for temperature regulation but not
directly for solvation.
Option C: Adhesion is the attraction of water molecules to other substances,
which helps in capillary action.
Question 4
A solution with a pH of 3 is how many times more acidic than a solution with a
pH of 5?
A) 10 times
B) 100 times
C) 2 times
D) 1000 times
Answer: B) 100 times
Rationale:
, Correct Answer (B): The pH scale is logarithmic. A difference of 1 pH unit means
a 10-fold difference in hydrogen ion concentration. Therefore, a difference of 2
units (from 5 to 3) means 10^2 = 100 times more H+ ions, making it 100 times
more acidic.
Option A: A 10-fold difference would correspond to a change of only 1 pH unit
(e.g., from pH 5 to pH 4).
Option C: A difference of 2 pH units is not a linear 2-fold difference; the scale is
logarithmic.
Option D: A 1000-fold difference would correspond to a change of 3 pH units
(e.g., from pH 5 to pH 2).
Question 5
What is the primary monosaccharide used by cells for energy production?
A) Sucrose
B) Galactose
C) Glucose
D) Fructose
Answer: C) Glucose
Rationale:
Correct Answer (C): Glucose is the main fuel molecule for cellular respiration,
directly metabolized in glycolysis to produce ATP.
Option A: Sucrose is a disaccharide (glucose + fructose) and must be broken
down into its monomers before absorption and use.
Option B: Galactose, found in milk, also needs to be converted to glucose before
it can enter the main energy pathways.
Option D: Fructose is a sugar found in fruits and must be converted to
intermediates of glycolysis before being used for energy.
6 with questions and
well verified answers
2026
Question 1
Which subatomic particle has a negative charge and is found orbiting the
nucleus?
A) Proton
B) Electron
C) Neutron
D) Nucleus
Answer: B) Electron
Rationale:
,Correct Answer (B): Electrons are negatively charged particles that exist in
electron clouds surrounding the atomic nucleus.
Option A: Protons are positively charged and located within the nucleus.
Option C: Neutrons have no charge (neutral) and are also found in the nucleus.
Option D: The nucleus is the central part of the atom containing protons and
neutrons, not a particle itself.
Question 2
What type of chemical bond involves the complete transfer of electrons from one
atom to another?
A) Covalent bond
B) Van der Waals force
C) Ionic bond
D) Hydrogen bond
Answer: C) Ionic bond
Rationale:
Correct Answer (C): Ionic bonds form when one atom donates an electron to
another, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.
Option A: Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
Option B: Van der Waals forces are very weak, transient attractions caused by
temporary dipoles.
Option D: Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between a hydrogen atom and
an electronegative atom like oxygen or nitrogen.
Question 3
Which property of water allows it to act as a universal solvent for polar and ionic
substances?
,A) Cohesion
B) High specific heat
C) Adhesion
D) Polarity
Answer: D) Polarity
Rationale:
Correct Answer (D): Water's polar nature, with a partial positive charge on
hydrogen and a partial negative charge on oxygen, enables it to surround and
dissolve ions and other polar molecules.
Option A: Cohesion is the attraction of water molecules to each other,
responsible for surface tension.
Option B: High specific heat refers to water's ability to absorb a lot of heat before
its temperature rises, which is important for temperature regulation but not
directly for solvation.
Option C: Adhesion is the attraction of water molecules to other substances,
which helps in capillary action.
Question 4
A solution with a pH of 3 is how many times more acidic than a solution with a
pH of 5?
A) 10 times
B) 100 times
C) 2 times
D) 1000 times
Answer: B) 100 times
Rationale:
, Correct Answer (B): The pH scale is logarithmic. A difference of 1 pH unit means
a 10-fold difference in hydrogen ion concentration. Therefore, a difference of 2
units (from 5 to 3) means 10^2 = 100 times more H+ ions, making it 100 times
more acidic.
Option A: A 10-fold difference would correspond to a change of only 1 pH unit
(e.g., from pH 5 to pH 4).
Option C: A difference of 2 pH units is not a linear 2-fold difference; the scale is
logarithmic.
Option D: A 1000-fold difference would correspond to a change of 3 pH units
(e.g., from pH 5 to pH 2).
Question 5
What is the primary monosaccharide used by cells for energy production?
A) Sucrose
B) Galactose
C) Glucose
D) Fructose
Answer: C) Glucose
Rationale:
Correct Answer (C): Glucose is the main fuel molecule for cellular respiration,
directly metabolized in glycolysis to produce ATP.
Option A: Sucrose is a disaccharide (glucose + fructose) and must be broken
down into its monomers before absorption and use.
Option B: Galactose, found in milk, also needs to be converted to glucose before
it can enter the main energy pathways.
Option D: Fructose is a sugar found in fruits and must be converted to
intermediates of glycolysis before being used for energy.
