NR283 Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

NR283 Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Etiology - CORRECT ANSWER Cause of particular disease on microscopic level



Pathogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER Story of how disease develops



Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER Decrease in the size of the cells, results in reduced tissue mass



Hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER Increase in cell size, results in enlarged tissue mass



Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER Increased number of cells, results in enlarged tissue mass



Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type,
Ex: chronic smokers, cells lose cilia



Dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER Cells are different looking varying in size and shape



Neoplasia - CORRECT ANSWER New growth, commonly a tumor. May be malignant or
benign



Apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWER Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in the body



Ischemia - CORRECT ANSWER Deficit of oxygen in the cells



Hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER Reduced oxygen in the tissues



Iatrogenic - CORRECT ANSWER illness or disease process because a medical process was
done ex: CAUTI

, Autosomal Recessive Disorders - CORRECT ANSWER Has to have two recessive genes to
have disease, only one recessive gene to be carrier ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU (phenylketonuria), Tay-
Sachs



Cystic fibrosis - CORRECT ANSWER autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick mucous
secretions



PKU (phenylketonuria) - CORRECT ANSWER autosomal recessive disorder that causes an
inability to metabolize phenylalanine. Can cause mental retardation. Pt must follow strict very low
protein diet



Tay-Sachs - CORRECT ANSWER autosomal recessive disorder that causes an enzyme to not
be produced causing fatty proteins build up causing destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal
cord



Autosomal Dominant Disorders - CORRECT ANSWER Only takes one gene for disease to
show. There are no carriers, either have disease or don't. Marfan Syndrome, Huntington's, Familial
Hypercholesterolemia



Marfan Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Autosomal Dominant Disorder, causes long
extremities, congenital heart defects



Huntington's Disease - CORRECT ANSWER Autosomal Dominant Disorder, nerve cells break
down over time, causing involuntary movements



Familial Hypercholesterolemia - CORRECT ANSWER Autosomal Dominant Disorder, high
cholesterol



X-Linked Disorders - CORRECT ANSWER Disorder carried on the x chromosome



Recessive X-Linked Disorders - CORRECT ANSWER Color blindness, more prominent in
males, XcY male color blind, XcXc female color blind. XcX not color blind only carrier.



Chromosomal Disorder - CORRECT ANSWER not inherited, theres a problem on the
chromosome