WGU D027 ADVANCED PATHOPHARMACOLOGICAL
FOUNDATIONS Question and Answer 2026 | Final
Revision Toolkit with Practice Questions | A+
Verified
• What time of contraceptive should be avoided when breastfeeding? -✓✓combined
contraceptives
• What is cinnamon used for? -✓✓Diabetes
• First line treatment for uncomplicated otitis media in pediatric patient without
comorbidities? -✓✓amoxicillin
• What is the treatment for addisons disease or for the treatment of salt losing
adrenogenital syndrome? -✓✓Florinef
• Side Effects of florinef? -✓✓GI, Headache, menstrual changes, skin
changes(appearance, color, thinning, easy bruising/bleeding), dizziness, bone/muscle
pain, eye problems or mood changes
• Off label use for BPH or sleep aid for PTSD? -✓✓Prazosin/Minipress
• What med to give diabetic patient for hypertension? -✓✓ACE Inhibitor the "prils"
• Common Side Effect of ACE Inhibitor -✓✓dry cough, inc K level, fatigue, headaches,
loss of taste
• What should be avoided when on ACE Inhibitors? -✓✓NSAIDS
• 1st line treatment asthma -✓✓SABA PRN
• step 2 of asthma -✓✓start low dose ICS (when interupting sleep at night)
• 3rd step asthma -✓✓low dose ICS + LABA or medium dose ICS
• 4th step asthma -✓✓medium dose ICS + LABA
• 5th step asthma -✓✓high dose ICS + LABA
• Step 6 asthma -✓✓high dose ICS + LABA + oral corticosteroid
,• occurs when the body's immune system produces antibodies that block the chemical
needed for muscles to contract -✓✓Myasthenia Gravis
• Myasthenia Gravis treatment -✓✓cholinesterase inhibtors and autoimmune
treatments like coritcosteroids
• side effects of cholinesterase inhibitors -✓✓NVD, muscle cramps, weigh loss,
headaches, insomnia, abnormal dreams
• rare but dangerous worsening
of the thyrotoxic state, in which death can occur within 48 hours without
treatment. The condition may develop spontaneously, but it usually occurs in
individuals who have undiagnosed or partially treated severe hyperthyroidism
and who are subjected to excessive stress from other causes. These causes
may include infection, pulmonary or cardiovascular disorders, trauma, burns,
seizures, surgery (especially thyroid surgery), obstetric complications, emotional
distress, or dialysis -✓✓Thyrotoxicosis/Thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm)
• Symptoms of thyroid storm are caused by? -✓✓The symptoms of thyroid crisis are
caused by the sudden
release and increased action of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
exceeding metabolic demands.
• hypothyroidism -✓✓High TSH, low T3
• Symptoms of thyroid storm -✓✓hyperthermia; tachycardia,
especially atrial tachydysrhythmias; high-output heart failure; agitation or
delirium; and nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, contributing to fluid volume
depletion
• treatment of thyroid storm -✓✓(1) the use of drugs that block TH synthesis (i.e.,
propylthiouracil or methimazole), (2) the use of beta-blockers for control of
cardiovascular symptoms, (3) administration of corticosteroids or (4) iodine (e.g.,
saturated solution of potassium iodide [SSKI]), and (5) supportive care. Plasma
exchange or thyroidectomy may be used when medical treatment fails.
• 1st line treatment of uncomplicated hypertension -✓✓hydrochlorothiazide
• Ataxia in pediatric patient w genetic predisposition -✓✓fragile X syndrome
• Contraindicated antibiotics during pregnancy for UTI -✓✓nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-
sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolones
• What to give for UTI in pregnancy -✓✓one dose fosfomycin or cephalexin
, • Pediatric treatment for UTI? -✓✓trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra).
Alternative antibiotics include
amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) or cephalosporins, such as cefixime
(Suprax), cefpodoxime, cefprozil (Cefzil), or cephalexin (Keflex)
• What IV med for pediatric UTI? -✓✓IV cephalosporin
• 1st line treatment infant sickle cell -✓✓IV fluids (also vaccines, abx, and folic acid, and
regular eye exams)
• Infant will be anemic, at
increased risk for infection, may have spleen damage and liver involvement that
causes jaundice, and may have crying episodes from pain and swelling of
extremities. -✓✓sickle cell
• Is bradycardia normal in athletic patients? -✓✓yes
• Skip lesions throughout all of intestines, cobblestoning under microscope -✓✓chrons
• skip lesions in colon -✓✓ulcerative colitis
• what labs for ulcertive colitis? -✓✓CBC, CRP, ESR, LFT, electrolyte panel, and ANA
• htn w CKD - 1st line treatment? -✓✓ACE Inhibitor
• if ACE not working for htn w CKD, what start? -✓✓amlodipine
• normal TSH -✓✓0.4-4
• What antibodie do you check for Hashimoto -✓✓TPO ( thyroid peroxidase antibodies)
and Tg (thyroglobulin antibodies
• Most common cause of hypothyroid? -✓✓Hashimoto
• Most common cause of hyperthyroid -✓✓grave's disease
• occurs in C cells and secretes calcitonin and
carcinoembryonic antigen -✓✓medullary thyroid cancer
• diagnosing medullary thyroid cancer -✓✓fine needle aspiration, increased calcitonin
and CEA
• RET Oncogene located on which chromosome -✓✓10
FOUNDATIONS Question and Answer 2026 | Final
Revision Toolkit with Practice Questions | A+
Verified
• What time of contraceptive should be avoided when breastfeeding? -✓✓combined
contraceptives
• What is cinnamon used for? -✓✓Diabetes
• First line treatment for uncomplicated otitis media in pediatric patient without
comorbidities? -✓✓amoxicillin
• What is the treatment for addisons disease or for the treatment of salt losing
adrenogenital syndrome? -✓✓Florinef
• Side Effects of florinef? -✓✓GI, Headache, menstrual changes, skin
changes(appearance, color, thinning, easy bruising/bleeding), dizziness, bone/muscle
pain, eye problems or mood changes
• Off label use for BPH or sleep aid for PTSD? -✓✓Prazosin/Minipress
• What med to give diabetic patient for hypertension? -✓✓ACE Inhibitor the "prils"
• Common Side Effect of ACE Inhibitor -✓✓dry cough, inc K level, fatigue, headaches,
loss of taste
• What should be avoided when on ACE Inhibitors? -✓✓NSAIDS
• 1st line treatment asthma -✓✓SABA PRN
• step 2 of asthma -✓✓start low dose ICS (when interupting sleep at night)
• 3rd step asthma -✓✓low dose ICS + LABA or medium dose ICS
• 4th step asthma -✓✓medium dose ICS + LABA
• 5th step asthma -✓✓high dose ICS + LABA
• Step 6 asthma -✓✓high dose ICS + LABA + oral corticosteroid
,• occurs when the body's immune system produces antibodies that block the chemical
needed for muscles to contract -✓✓Myasthenia Gravis
• Myasthenia Gravis treatment -✓✓cholinesterase inhibtors and autoimmune
treatments like coritcosteroids
• side effects of cholinesterase inhibitors -✓✓NVD, muscle cramps, weigh loss,
headaches, insomnia, abnormal dreams
• rare but dangerous worsening
of the thyrotoxic state, in which death can occur within 48 hours without
treatment. The condition may develop spontaneously, but it usually occurs in
individuals who have undiagnosed or partially treated severe hyperthyroidism
and who are subjected to excessive stress from other causes. These causes
may include infection, pulmonary or cardiovascular disorders, trauma, burns,
seizures, surgery (especially thyroid surgery), obstetric complications, emotional
distress, or dialysis -✓✓Thyrotoxicosis/Thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm)
• Symptoms of thyroid storm are caused by? -✓✓The symptoms of thyroid crisis are
caused by the sudden
release and increased action of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
exceeding metabolic demands.
• hypothyroidism -✓✓High TSH, low T3
• Symptoms of thyroid storm -✓✓hyperthermia; tachycardia,
especially atrial tachydysrhythmias; high-output heart failure; agitation or
delirium; and nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, contributing to fluid volume
depletion
• treatment of thyroid storm -✓✓(1) the use of drugs that block TH synthesis (i.e.,
propylthiouracil or methimazole), (2) the use of beta-blockers for control of
cardiovascular symptoms, (3) administration of corticosteroids or (4) iodine (e.g.,
saturated solution of potassium iodide [SSKI]), and (5) supportive care. Plasma
exchange or thyroidectomy may be used when medical treatment fails.
• 1st line treatment of uncomplicated hypertension -✓✓hydrochlorothiazide
• Ataxia in pediatric patient w genetic predisposition -✓✓fragile X syndrome
• Contraindicated antibiotics during pregnancy for UTI -✓✓nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-
sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolones
• What to give for UTI in pregnancy -✓✓one dose fosfomycin or cephalexin
, • Pediatric treatment for UTI? -✓✓trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra).
Alternative antibiotics include
amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) or cephalosporins, such as cefixime
(Suprax), cefpodoxime, cefprozil (Cefzil), or cephalexin (Keflex)
• What IV med for pediatric UTI? -✓✓IV cephalosporin
• 1st line treatment infant sickle cell -✓✓IV fluids (also vaccines, abx, and folic acid, and
regular eye exams)
• Infant will be anemic, at
increased risk for infection, may have spleen damage and liver involvement that
causes jaundice, and may have crying episodes from pain and swelling of
extremities. -✓✓sickle cell
• Is bradycardia normal in athletic patients? -✓✓yes
• Skip lesions throughout all of intestines, cobblestoning under microscope -✓✓chrons
• skip lesions in colon -✓✓ulcerative colitis
• what labs for ulcertive colitis? -✓✓CBC, CRP, ESR, LFT, electrolyte panel, and ANA
• htn w CKD - 1st line treatment? -✓✓ACE Inhibitor
• if ACE not working for htn w CKD, what start? -✓✓amlodipine
• normal TSH -✓✓0.4-4
• What antibodie do you check for Hashimoto -✓✓TPO ( thyroid peroxidase antibodies)
and Tg (thyroglobulin antibodies
• Most common cause of hypothyroid? -✓✓Hashimoto
• Most common cause of hyperthyroid -✓✓grave's disease
• occurs in C cells and secretes calcitonin and
carcinoembryonic antigen -✓✓medullary thyroid cancer
• diagnosing medullary thyroid cancer -✓✓fine needle aspiration, increased calcitonin
and CEA
• RET Oncogene located on which chromosome -✓✓10
