WGU D027 ADVANCED PATHOPHARMACOLOGICAL
FOUNDATIONS Question and Answer 2026 |
Ultimate Exam Preparation Bundle | Grade A+
• What is Klinefelter syndrome? -✓An extra X chromosome for males so example XXY
causing female-like qualities
• What is Turner Syndrome? -✓females. missing or deformed x chromosome. right
hemisphere dysfunction, hearing loss, ear infection, language and articulation disorders,
visual spatial and attentional problems
• What is beta thalassemia? -✓a condition in which the synthesis of the beta-globin
chains is decreased or absent. Causes low hemoglobin.
• Which medication is contraindicated in a patient with Beta Thalassemia? -✓Ferrous
Sulfate
• What drug is used in combination with other agent to treat lymphoid tissue (leukemia).
Directly toxic to lymphoid tissues Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) - for
hormone receptor positive and advanced breast cancer. (Tomaxafin - reduces risk and
recurrence risk) -✓Glucocorticoids
• What is the normal ejection fraction? -✓55-60%. Less than 50% is BAD
• Is an ejection fraction of 50% reduced or preserved? -✓Preserved
• What are symptoms of left sided heart failure? -✓Think PULMONARY. JVD, FVO,
rails, S3 murmurs. Number one cause of right sided heart failure!
• What are symptoms of right sided heart failure? -✓Think peripheral vascular. Lower
extremity edema, abdominal distension.
• What is the gold standard lab test for heart failure? -✓BNP. Heart failure is a result
greater than 100
• What heart disease is worse with exertion? -✓Ischemic heart disease because the
demand requirements are higher.
• What should you assess before giving Digoxin? -✓Apical pulse
• How should Warfarin be started? -✓Start initial dose at half to monitor the effects
, • What causes the destruction of alveolar walls? Air goes in but can't get out which
leads to hyperinflation -✓Emphysema
• What causes excess mucus production and smooth muscle hypertrophy? -
✓Bronchitis
• What is a chronic inflammatory obstruction of bronchi? -✓Asthma, Triggers cause
mucus to clog bronchial tubes.
• What causes an overbite and buffalo hump? -✓Endocrine disorder called acromegaly
(overproduction of growth hormone)
• What causes Addison's disease? -✓Decreased glucocorticoid (due to autoimmune
destruction of adrenal cortex)
• What causes Cushing's syndrome? -✓excess cortisol
• What causes Grave's disease? -✓overproduction of thyroid hormone.
HYPERthyroidism.
• When should you instruct the patient to take their FIRST dose of antihypertensive? -
✓At night to avoid orthostatic hypotension. Educate slow position changes and lay down
if needed.
• What are side effects of ACE inhibitors? -✓dry cough
angioedema
hyperkalemia
*Contraindicated in pregnancy
• Which type of antihypertensive should NOT be given to patients with Asthma? -
✓Nonselective beta blocker (-lol) because both beta-2 receptors are effected
• What is the first choice of calcium channel blocker? -✓Verapamil
• What side effect should you watch for in a patient taking a statin drug? -✓Muscle pain
which can lead to rhabdomyolysis, kidney failure, and death.
• Which diuretic is NOT used in patients with kidney failure and sickle cell disease? -
✓Thiazide diuretics
• What type of drug is spironolactone? -✓potassium sparing diuretic
• Which type of insulin is the most painful during injection? -✓Lantus (long-acting)
FOUNDATIONS Question and Answer 2026 |
Ultimate Exam Preparation Bundle | Grade A+
• What is Klinefelter syndrome? -✓An extra X chromosome for males so example XXY
causing female-like qualities
• What is Turner Syndrome? -✓females. missing or deformed x chromosome. right
hemisphere dysfunction, hearing loss, ear infection, language and articulation disorders,
visual spatial and attentional problems
• What is beta thalassemia? -✓a condition in which the synthesis of the beta-globin
chains is decreased or absent. Causes low hemoglobin.
• Which medication is contraindicated in a patient with Beta Thalassemia? -✓Ferrous
Sulfate
• What drug is used in combination with other agent to treat lymphoid tissue (leukemia).
Directly toxic to lymphoid tissues Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) - for
hormone receptor positive and advanced breast cancer. (Tomaxafin - reduces risk and
recurrence risk) -✓Glucocorticoids
• What is the normal ejection fraction? -✓55-60%. Less than 50% is BAD
• Is an ejection fraction of 50% reduced or preserved? -✓Preserved
• What are symptoms of left sided heart failure? -✓Think PULMONARY. JVD, FVO,
rails, S3 murmurs. Number one cause of right sided heart failure!
• What are symptoms of right sided heart failure? -✓Think peripheral vascular. Lower
extremity edema, abdominal distension.
• What is the gold standard lab test for heart failure? -✓BNP. Heart failure is a result
greater than 100
• What heart disease is worse with exertion? -✓Ischemic heart disease because the
demand requirements are higher.
• What should you assess before giving Digoxin? -✓Apical pulse
• How should Warfarin be started? -✓Start initial dose at half to monitor the effects
, • What causes the destruction of alveolar walls? Air goes in but can't get out which
leads to hyperinflation -✓Emphysema
• What causes excess mucus production and smooth muscle hypertrophy? -
✓Bronchitis
• What is a chronic inflammatory obstruction of bronchi? -✓Asthma, Triggers cause
mucus to clog bronchial tubes.
• What causes an overbite and buffalo hump? -✓Endocrine disorder called acromegaly
(overproduction of growth hormone)
• What causes Addison's disease? -✓Decreased glucocorticoid (due to autoimmune
destruction of adrenal cortex)
• What causes Cushing's syndrome? -✓excess cortisol
• What causes Grave's disease? -✓overproduction of thyroid hormone.
HYPERthyroidism.
• When should you instruct the patient to take their FIRST dose of antihypertensive? -
✓At night to avoid orthostatic hypotension. Educate slow position changes and lay down
if needed.
• What are side effects of ACE inhibitors? -✓dry cough
angioedema
hyperkalemia
*Contraindicated in pregnancy
• Which type of antihypertensive should NOT be given to patients with Asthma? -
✓Nonselective beta blocker (-lol) because both beta-2 receptors are effected
• What is the first choice of calcium channel blocker? -✓Verapamil
• What side effect should you watch for in a patient taking a statin drug? -✓Muscle pain
which can lead to rhabdomyolysis, kidney failure, and death.
• Which diuretic is NOT used in patients with kidney failure and sickle cell disease? -
✓Thiazide diuretics
• What type of drug is spironolactone? -✓potassium sparing diuretic
• Which type of insulin is the most painful during injection? -✓Lantus (long-acting)
