WGU D027 ADVANCED PATHOPHARMACOLOGICAL
FOUNDATIONS Question and Answer 2026 | Full
Practice Test Workbook with Answers | Grade A+
• Which statement should the provider give the patient regarding the pathophysiology of
SLE and its relation to thrombocytopenia? -✓✓SLE disrupts immune homeostasis and
promotes development of self-reactive antibodies.
• A female patient presents to an office to establish care. Her previous primary care
provider told her to follow up regarding an elevated ferritin level. She has no previous
medical history and is currently asymptomatic. She is concerned about the elevated
ferritin and would like to know if she should be worried. What should the provider do
next for this patient? -✓✓Order a liver function test
• A 75-year-old female presents to the emergency department with an irregular heart
rate of 130.What can be ascertained about this patient's findings given the limited
information? -✓✓She is diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and needs her heart rate
controlled with metoprolol (Lopressor).
• Which condition from this patient's medical history is contributing to the loss of
contractility? -✓✓Acute myocardial infarction
• Which condition is this patient suffering from? -✓✓Diabetic ketoacidosis
• A 45-year-old female fears that she is having a stroke and takes herself to an
emergency room. After several diagnostic and laboratory tests, the patient is diagnosed
with Cushing disease. Which lab abnormality would be present in this patient? -
✓✓Increased cortisol
• SOB when lying down, and moving around --Based on the patient's presentation,
which disease process is the patient likely exhibiting? -✓✓Asthma
• A two-year-old child presents with a clear runny nose and cough which has lasted 3
days. The child's mother reports the cough sounds like a barking noise. The child is
sleeping in the mother's arms and appears to have stridor. The child's mother also
reports an axillary temperature of 101°F last night. Which management technique is
appropriate for this child's symptoms? -✓✓Oral steroids and breathing treatments
• Delerium, urinary incontinence, fever-- Which lab and diagnostic tests should be
ordered as part of the patient's assessment? -✓✓Complete blood count, complete
metabolic profile, and urinalysis
,• An 18-year-old male is involved in a motorcycle crash while not wearing a helmet. He
is brought into an emergency room and is immediately taken for a CT scan. The
provider tells the patient's parents he has bleeding between the dura mater and the
skull. What is this patient's condition called? -✓✓Epidural hematoma
• -- What is the appropriate diagnosis for this patient? -✓✓Crohn's disease
• Which diagnostic test is appropriate to order for this patient? -✓✓Ultrasound
• A 45-year-old male is being seen in the clinic for a yearly check-up and lab work. His
history includes hypertension and hyperlipidemia for which he currently takes Norvasc 5
mg daily and Lipitor 20 mg nightly. Patient has a family history of diabetes,
hypertension, heart disease, and hyperlipidemia. After obtaining lab work, the provider
notices the patient's hgbA1c is elevated at 7.5. The patient is already on a DASH diet
and watching the amount of sweets and carbohydrates he eats daily. The patient is not
overweight and participates in moderate physical activity at least 4-5 days a week. He
was started on Metformin three months ago, and his hemoglobin A1c is now 6.9. The
nurse expects to see a class of medication prescribed which is proven to reduce the risk
of cardiovascular events. Considering the treatment guidelines from the American
College of Cardiology, which medication should be recommended for this patien -
✓✓Invokana 100 mg daily
--Invokana is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It is a third-line medication to
metformin. It is used together with exercise and diet. It is not recommended in type 1
diabetes. It is taken by mouth.
• A 78-year-old female presents to the clinic for a checkup and refills on her
medications. She is currently taking lisinopril (Zestril), metformin (Glucophage), and
levothyroxine (Synthroid). The patient has a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes,
hypothyroidism, GERD, and gastric ulcers. The patient is concerned about heart
disease and wants to start taking a low-dose aspirin. Which aspirin regimen
recommendation should the advanced professional nurse (APN) give to the patient? -
✓✓Low-dose enteric coated aspirin 81 mg daily
• A 28-year-old married female presents to primary care accompanied by her husband
with complaints of weight gain, fatigue, muscle aches, bloating, constipation, and
difficulty concentrating. The patient explains that she has been experiencing these
symptoms with increasing frequency over the last two months and reports feeling upset
that she has gained 10 pounds over the past month despite no significant changes in
dietary intake or activity level. The patient holds a bachelor's degree and is employed
full time as an accountant. The patient reports feeling frustrated with her poor
concentration and identifies recent work errors to be due to this symptom. The patient
explains that she and her spouse plan to start trying to conceive soon, and she is
worried that she may have trouble becoming pregnant. The patient reports using over-
the-counter laxative products over the last week to combat constipation. The patient
repo -✓✓5.31 mIU/L
, • A 74- year-old male with Cushing syndrome presents to the emergency department
(ED) with pain in his left leg, and is diagnosed with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT).What
is this patient's symptoms related to? -✓✓Elevated Von Willebrand factor
• A 42-year-old asthmatic who has been using beta-adrenergic agonists for several
years began to experience premature atrial contractions (PACs). To treat the PACs,
metoprolol (Toprol XL) therapy was started.What is a likely consequence of this patient
taking metoprolol (Toprol XL)? -✓✓Metoprolol (Toprol XL) worsened asthma
symptoms, but improved the PACs.
-- Beta blockers are widely used in the management of cardiac conditions and
thyrotoxicosis, and to reduce perioperative complications. Asthma and chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been classic contraindications to the use
of beta blockers because of their potential for causing bronchospasm.
• Which inhaler prescription would support long-acting treatment for twice-daily use in
controlled asthma management? -✓✓Fluticasone propionate/salmeterol (Advair
Diskus)
--Fluticasone and salmeterol is a combination of two medicines that are used to help
control the symptoms of asthma and improve breathing.
• A 65-year-old male presents for a visit regarding his type 2 diabetes. He has been
dealing with diabetes for the last 15 years. He has a history of diabetic neuropathy in his
feet. Six months ago his symptoms were mild to almost nonexistent. He currently
describes the neuropathy as painful, and it wakes him up at night. Which medication
would be the first line treatment for this patient? -✓✓Pregabalin (Lyrica)
• A 55-year-old male presents for a new diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease. He has
experienced gait disorders and a pill rolling tremor. The patient was a former boxer with
a history of multiple concussions. He was started on carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet),
which has decreased his symptoms. How would an antipsychotic medication such as
haloperidol (Haldol) cause an interaction with this patient? -✓✓By antagonizing
dopamine
• A 25-year-old female is 35 weeks pregnant and presents for lower back pain. She has
a history of moderate lower back pain that she normally controls with stretching, yoga,
and ice. The patient reports not being able to engage in stretching and yoga because of
the state of her pregnancy. Ice use has been ineffective. After a benign exam and a
negative urinalysis, the provider is convinced that the pain is musculoskeletal. The
patient inquires if there are any medications she can take for the pain. Which
medication does the provider tell the patient she can safely take? -✓✓Acetaminophen
(Tylenol)
• A nurse is administering medication to a 67-year-old patient in liver failure, secondary
to end-stage cirrhosis. Liver dysfunction can influence drug pharmacokinetics and
FOUNDATIONS Question and Answer 2026 | Full
Practice Test Workbook with Answers | Grade A+
• Which statement should the provider give the patient regarding the pathophysiology of
SLE and its relation to thrombocytopenia? -✓✓SLE disrupts immune homeostasis and
promotes development of self-reactive antibodies.
• A female patient presents to an office to establish care. Her previous primary care
provider told her to follow up regarding an elevated ferritin level. She has no previous
medical history and is currently asymptomatic. She is concerned about the elevated
ferritin and would like to know if she should be worried. What should the provider do
next for this patient? -✓✓Order a liver function test
• A 75-year-old female presents to the emergency department with an irregular heart
rate of 130.What can be ascertained about this patient's findings given the limited
information? -✓✓She is diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and needs her heart rate
controlled with metoprolol (Lopressor).
• Which condition from this patient's medical history is contributing to the loss of
contractility? -✓✓Acute myocardial infarction
• Which condition is this patient suffering from? -✓✓Diabetic ketoacidosis
• A 45-year-old female fears that she is having a stroke and takes herself to an
emergency room. After several diagnostic and laboratory tests, the patient is diagnosed
with Cushing disease. Which lab abnormality would be present in this patient? -
✓✓Increased cortisol
• SOB when lying down, and moving around --Based on the patient's presentation,
which disease process is the patient likely exhibiting? -✓✓Asthma
• A two-year-old child presents with a clear runny nose and cough which has lasted 3
days. The child's mother reports the cough sounds like a barking noise. The child is
sleeping in the mother's arms and appears to have stridor. The child's mother also
reports an axillary temperature of 101°F last night. Which management technique is
appropriate for this child's symptoms? -✓✓Oral steroids and breathing treatments
• Delerium, urinary incontinence, fever-- Which lab and diagnostic tests should be
ordered as part of the patient's assessment? -✓✓Complete blood count, complete
metabolic profile, and urinalysis
,• An 18-year-old male is involved in a motorcycle crash while not wearing a helmet. He
is brought into an emergency room and is immediately taken for a CT scan. The
provider tells the patient's parents he has bleeding between the dura mater and the
skull. What is this patient's condition called? -✓✓Epidural hematoma
• -- What is the appropriate diagnosis for this patient? -✓✓Crohn's disease
• Which diagnostic test is appropriate to order for this patient? -✓✓Ultrasound
• A 45-year-old male is being seen in the clinic for a yearly check-up and lab work. His
history includes hypertension and hyperlipidemia for which he currently takes Norvasc 5
mg daily and Lipitor 20 mg nightly. Patient has a family history of diabetes,
hypertension, heart disease, and hyperlipidemia. After obtaining lab work, the provider
notices the patient's hgbA1c is elevated at 7.5. The patient is already on a DASH diet
and watching the amount of sweets and carbohydrates he eats daily. The patient is not
overweight and participates in moderate physical activity at least 4-5 days a week. He
was started on Metformin three months ago, and his hemoglobin A1c is now 6.9. The
nurse expects to see a class of medication prescribed which is proven to reduce the risk
of cardiovascular events. Considering the treatment guidelines from the American
College of Cardiology, which medication should be recommended for this patien -
✓✓Invokana 100 mg daily
--Invokana is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It is a third-line medication to
metformin. It is used together with exercise and diet. It is not recommended in type 1
diabetes. It is taken by mouth.
• A 78-year-old female presents to the clinic for a checkup and refills on her
medications. She is currently taking lisinopril (Zestril), metformin (Glucophage), and
levothyroxine (Synthroid). The patient has a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes,
hypothyroidism, GERD, and gastric ulcers. The patient is concerned about heart
disease and wants to start taking a low-dose aspirin. Which aspirin regimen
recommendation should the advanced professional nurse (APN) give to the patient? -
✓✓Low-dose enteric coated aspirin 81 mg daily
• A 28-year-old married female presents to primary care accompanied by her husband
with complaints of weight gain, fatigue, muscle aches, bloating, constipation, and
difficulty concentrating. The patient explains that she has been experiencing these
symptoms with increasing frequency over the last two months and reports feeling upset
that she has gained 10 pounds over the past month despite no significant changes in
dietary intake or activity level. The patient holds a bachelor's degree and is employed
full time as an accountant. The patient reports feeling frustrated with her poor
concentration and identifies recent work errors to be due to this symptom. The patient
explains that she and her spouse plan to start trying to conceive soon, and she is
worried that she may have trouble becoming pregnant. The patient reports using over-
the-counter laxative products over the last week to combat constipation. The patient
repo -✓✓5.31 mIU/L
, • A 74- year-old male with Cushing syndrome presents to the emergency department
(ED) with pain in his left leg, and is diagnosed with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT).What
is this patient's symptoms related to? -✓✓Elevated Von Willebrand factor
• A 42-year-old asthmatic who has been using beta-adrenergic agonists for several
years began to experience premature atrial contractions (PACs). To treat the PACs,
metoprolol (Toprol XL) therapy was started.What is a likely consequence of this patient
taking metoprolol (Toprol XL)? -✓✓Metoprolol (Toprol XL) worsened asthma
symptoms, but improved the PACs.
-- Beta blockers are widely used in the management of cardiac conditions and
thyrotoxicosis, and to reduce perioperative complications. Asthma and chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been classic contraindications to the use
of beta blockers because of their potential for causing bronchospasm.
• Which inhaler prescription would support long-acting treatment for twice-daily use in
controlled asthma management? -✓✓Fluticasone propionate/salmeterol (Advair
Diskus)
--Fluticasone and salmeterol is a combination of two medicines that are used to help
control the symptoms of asthma and improve breathing.
• A 65-year-old male presents for a visit regarding his type 2 diabetes. He has been
dealing with diabetes for the last 15 years. He has a history of diabetic neuropathy in his
feet. Six months ago his symptoms were mild to almost nonexistent. He currently
describes the neuropathy as painful, and it wakes him up at night. Which medication
would be the first line treatment for this patient? -✓✓Pregabalin (Lyrica)
• A 55-year-old male presents for a new diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease. He has
experienced gait disorders and a pill rolling tremor. The patient was a former boxer with
a history of multiple concussions. He was started on carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet),
which has decreased his symptoms. How would an antipsychotic medication such as
haloperidol (Haldol) cause an interaction with this patient? -✓✓By antagonizing
dopamine
• A 25-year-old female is 35 weeks pregnant and presents for lower back pain. She has
a history of moderate lower back pain that she normally controls with stretching, yoga,
and ice. The patient reports not being able to engage in stretching and yoga because of
the state of her pregnancy. Ice use has been ineffective. After a benign exam and a
negative urinalysis, the provider is convinced that the pain is musculoskeletal. The
patient inquires if there are any medications she can take for the pain. Which
medication does the provider tell the patient she can safely take? -✓✓Acetaminophen
(Tylenol)
• A nurse is administering medication to a 67-year-old patient in liver failure, secondary
to end-stage cirrhosis. Liver dysfunction can influence drug pharmacokinetics and
