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1. AACN certify nurses; protect consumer by establishing high standards of professional
practice
2. CCRN certification for nurses who provide care in critically ill adult, pediatric, or neonatal
populations
3. PCCN certification for nurses who provide acute care in progressive care, telemetry, and
similar units
4. CNML certification for critical care managers and leaders
5. CCNS certification for acute and critical care clinical nurse specialists
6. Level A (Scale for meta-analysis or metasynthesis studies; results consistently support specific ac-
Rating Research tion, intervention, or treatment
Evidence)
7. Level B (Scale for randomized and nonrandomized controlled studies; results consistently support
Rating Research specific action, intervention, or treatment
Evidence)
8. Level C (Scale for qualitative, descriptive, or correlational studies, reviews, or trials with inconsistent
Rating Research results
Evidence)
9. Level D (Scale for Peer-reviewed with clinical studies to support recommendations
Rating Research
Evidence)
10. Level E (Scale for theory-based evidence from expert opinions
Rating Research
Evidence)
11. Manufacturer's recommendation only
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Level M (Scale for
Rating Research
Evidence)
12. Ask-Tell-Ask Communication technique that assesses concerns before providing info
(Communication)
13. Situational being aware of one's surroundings
Awareness
(Communication)
14. Calgary Family Assessment that involves structural, developmental, and functional assessments
Assessment
15. Family Bundle Provide structure for planning and carrying out family care; based on 5 concepts:
evaluate, plan; involve; communicate; support (EPICS)
16. Principlism widely applied ethical approach based of 4 fundamental moral principles to con-
temporary ethical dilemmas; respect for autonomy; beneficence; nonmaleficence;
justice
17. Beneficence the duty to provide benefits to others when in a position to do so, to help balance
harms and benefits; the benefits of an action should outweigh the burdens
18. Futility states that care should not be given if it is futile in terms of improving comfort or
the medical outcome
19. Veracity states that persons are obligated to tell the truth in their communication with
others
20. Fidelity requires that one has a moral duty to be faithful to the commitments made to
others
21. competence (capacity); voluntariness; disclosure of information
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Elements of In-
formed Consent
22. Living Will a witnessed written document or oral statement voluntarily executed by a person
that expresses the person's instructions concerning life-prolonging procedure;
not legally binding in some states
23. Proxy a competent adult, not designated to make health care decisions for an incapac-
itated person, but is authorized by state statute to make healthcare decisions for
the person
24. Surrogate a competent adult designated by a person to make health care decisions should
that person become incapacitated
25. Patient Self-De- requires that all healthcare facilities that receive medicare or medicaid funding
termination act inform their patients about their right to initiate an advance directive and the right
(End-of-life issue) to consent to or refuse medical treatment
26. Withholding, Priority should be anticipating patient symptoms; assessment of patient response;
Limiting, or titration of therapy to relieve emotional and physical distress; common meds used
Withdrawing are analgesics (ie. Morphine) and anxiolytics (ie. benzodiazepines)
Therapy
27. Ventilator WIth- Known as "terminal weaning"; consist of titration of ventilator support to minimal
drawal levels, removal of ventilator, but not artificial airway, or complete extubation; titrate
pain meds and sedation as needed to relieve symptoms of respiratory distress
28. Commonly with- vasopressors; antibiotics; done when goal of treatment shift to palliation instead
held therapy of cure; address these before withdrawing or withholding ventilation
29. Ethical Principles life-sustaining treatment should not be withdrawn while patient is receiving par-
for withholding alytic agents. When paralytic drugs are discontinued, patient must demonstrate
and withdraw- sufficient motor activity to allow thorough clinical assessment before withdrawal
of support
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ing life-sustain-
ing treatment
30. Hemodynamic Used to titrate therapies to a specific end point; detect inadequate tissue perfu-
Assessment sion; quantify severity of disease; and guide therapy
31. normal cardiac 4 to 8 L/minute
output (CO) (he-
modynamic val-
ues)
32. normal central 2 to 6 mm Hg
venous pressure
(CVP) and Right
atrial pressure
(RAP) (hemody-
namic values)
33. Normal stroke 60 to 130 mL/beat
volume (SV) (he-
modynamic val-
ues)
34. normal mixed ve- 60% to 75%
nous O2 sat
(SvO2) (hemody-
namic values)
35. Normal central 65% to 85%
venous O2 sat
(ScvO2)
36.