EBM FINAL
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📋 DOCUMENT OVERVIEW 89 Qs
This document, "EBM Final," covers essential topics in Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM), including
sensitivity and specificity in diagnostic testing, statistical methods such as Kaplan-Meier Survival Curves
and linear regression, and value-based care models. The document provides 89 questions with correct
answers, accompanied by detailed explanations and rationales, as well as diagrams and images.
Students can use this resource to study, review, and understand complex EBM concepts by referring to
the explanations and rationales provided for each question.
✓ Verified Answers ✓ Exam Ready ✓ Study Guide
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EXAM QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
What is sensitivity?
CORRECT ANSWER
the proportion of people with the disease who have a positive test
RATIONALE: Sensitivity measures how well a test detects people who actually have the disease, which is why it's
calculated by comparing the number of true positives (people with the disease and a positive test result) to the total
number of people with the disease. In essence, sensitivity quantifies the proportion of people with the disease who are
correctly identified by the test.
QUESTION 2
A high sensitivity is unlikely to produce ________
CORRECT ANSWER
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, false negatives
i.e if your test has a 100% sensitivity and your patient gets a negative result, then you are 100%
confident they do not have the disease
RATIONALE: A high sensitivity test means it is very good at identifying people who have the disease, resulting in few
false negatives, i.e., correctly identifying those without the disease when they test negative. This is because sensitivity
measures the proportion of true positives correctly identified by the test, so a high sensitivity directly implies a low rate
of false negatives.
QUESTION 3
Explain what SNout is:
CORRECT ANSWER
when a sign/test has a high sensitivity, a negative result rules OUT the diagnosis
ex. the sensitivity of ANA in SLE is 100%, therefore if a person does not have a + ANA, the person does
not have lupus
RATIONALE: When a sign/test has a high sensitivity, it means almost everyone with the condition will test positive, so a
negative result can be trusted to rule out the condition. This is because a low number of false negatives would indicate
a low false negative rate, making the negative result a reliable indicator that the condition is absent.
QUESTION 4
What is specificity?
CORRECT ANSWER
the proportion of people without the disease who have a negative test
RATIONALE: Specificity in the context of medical testing refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify those without
the disease, which is essentially measuring the proportion of people without the disease who have a negative test
result. This concept hinges on the idea that a highly specific test should produce fewer false positives, where individuals
without the disease test positive, thereby ensuring its reliability in ruling out the disease.
QUESTION 5
A high specificity is unlikely to produce ________
CORRECT ANSWER
false positives
RATIONALE: A high specificity is unlikely to produce false positives because specificity is the measure of a test's ability
to correctly identify true negatives, thereby reducing the likelihood of false positives. When a test has high specificity, it
is more accurate at distinguishing between true and false negatives, which means it is less likely to incorrectly identify a
false positive.
QUESTION 6
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, If a test has 100% specificity and your patient gets a positive result then you are certain that they
________ (do/do not) have the disease
CORRECT ANSWER
do
RATIONALE: Specificity in medical testing refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who do not have
the disease. Since the test has 100% specificity, it means that any patient with a negative result can be confidently said
not to have the disease, and by extension, any patient with a positive result must have the disease because all non-
diseased individuals would have gotten a negative result.
QUESTION 7
What is SPin?
CORRECT ANSWER
when a sign/test has a high specificity, a positive test rules in the diagnosis
ex. the specificity of an ANA in lupus is 80%, therefore if a person has a +ANA, then you are 80% sure
that they do have lupus
RATIONALE: When a sign or test has high specificity, it means that most of the people without the condition will test
negative, which allows a positive result to be a strong indicator of the condition's presence. In other words, if a test is
highly specific, a positive result gives you high confidence that the person indeed has the condition.
QUESTION 8
What is pre-test probability?
CORRECT ANSWER
the proportion of people who have the disease (prevalence)
RATIONALE: The concept of pre-test probability refers to the probability of a person having a disease before any
diagnostic test is performed, which is essentially equivalent to the prevalence of the disease in the population.
Prevalence represents the proportion of people who already have the disease, making it the most accurate
representation of the pre-test probability.
QUESTION 9
Pretest probability + ____________ = Post-test probability
CORRECT ANSWER
Likelihood Ratios
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85+ (2026/2027) Exam-Style Questions & Answers | 100% Verified
Solutions | Grade A+ Guarantee
100% Guarantee Pass
📋 DOCUMENT OVERVIEW 89 Qs
This document, "EBM Final," covers essential topics in Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM), including
sensitivity and specificity in diagnostic testing, statistical methods such as Kaplan-Meier Survival Curves
and linear regression, and value-based care models. The document provides 89 questions with correct
answers, accompanied by detailed explanations and rationales, as well as diagrams and images.
Students can use this resource to study, review, and understand complex EBM concepts by referring to
the explanations and rationales provided for each question.
✓ Verified Answers ✓ Exam Ready ✓ Study Guide
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide
EXAM QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
What is sensitivity?
CORRECT ANSWER
the proportion of people with the disease who have a positive test
RATIONALE: Sensitivity measures how well a test detects people who actually have the disease, which is why it's
calculated by comparing the number of true positives (people with the disease and a positive test result) to the total
number of people with the disease. In essence, sensitivity quantifies the proportion of people with the disease who are
correctly identified by the test.
QUESTION 2
A high sensitivity is unlikely to produce ________
CORRECT ANSWER
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, false negatives
i.e if your test has a 100% sensitivity and your patient gets a negative result, then you are 100%
confident they do not have the disease
RATIONALE: A high sensitivity test means it is very good at identifying people who have the disease, resulting in few
false negatives, i.e., correctly identifying those without the disease when they test negative. This is because sensitivity
measures the proportion of true positives correctly identified by the test, so a high sensitivity directly implies a low rate
of false negatives.
QUESTION 3
Explain what SNout is:
CORRECT ANSWER
when a sign/test has a high sensitivity, a negative result rules OUT the diagnosis
ex. the sensitivity of ANA in SLE is 100%, therefore if a person does not have a + ANA, the person does
not have lupus
RATIONALE: When a sign/test has a high sensitivity, it means almost everyone with the condition will test positive, so a
negative result can be trusted to rule out the condition. This is because a low number of false negatives would indicate
a low false negative rate, making the negative result a reliable indicator that the condition is absent.
QUESTION 4
What is specificity?
CORRECT ANSWER
the proportion of people without the disease who have a negative test
RATIONALE: Specificity in the context of medical testing refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify those without
the disease, which is essentially measuring the proportion of people without the disease who have a negative test
result. This concept hinges on the idea that a highly specific test should produce fewer false positives, where individuals
without the disease test positive, thereby ensuring its reliability in ruling out the disease.
QUESTION 5
A high specificity is unlikely to produce ________
CORRECT ANSWER
false positives
RATIONALE: A high specificity is unlikely to produce false positives because specificity is the measure of a test's ability
to correctly identify true negatives, thereby reducing the likelihood of false positives. When a test has high specificity, it
is more accurate at distinguishing between true and false negatives, which means it is less likely to incorrectly identify a
false positive.
QUESTION 6
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, If a test has 100% specificity and your patient gets a positive result then you are certain that they
________ (do/do not) have the disease
CORRECT ANSWER
do
RATIONALE: Specificity in medical testing refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who do not have
the disease. Since the test has 100% specificity, it means that any patient with a negative result can be confidently said
not to have the disease, and by extension, any patient with a positive result must have the disease because all non-
diseased individuals would have gotten a negative result.
QUESTION 7
What is SPin?
CORRECT ANSWER
when a sign/test has a high specificity, a positive test rules in the diagnosis
ex. the specificity of an ANA in lupus is 80%, therefore if a person has a +ANA, then you are 80% sure
that they do have lupus
RATIONALE: When a sign or test has high specificity, it means that most of the people without the condition will test
negative, which allows a positive result to be a strong indicator of the condition's presence. In other words, if a test is
highly specific, a positive result gives you high confidence that the person indeed has the condition.
QUESTION 8
What is pre-test probability?
CORRECT ANSWER
the proportion of people who have the disease (prevalence)
RATIONALE: The concept of pre-test probability refers to the probability of a person having a disease before any
diagnostic test is performed, which is essentially equivalent to the prevalence of the disease in the population.
Prevalence represents the proportion of people who already have the disease, making it the most accurate
representation of the pre-test probability.
QUESTION 9
Pretest probability + ____________ = Post-test probability
CORRECT ANSWER
Likelihood Ratios
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