NUR 6011/NUR6011 Final Exam V3 |
Advance Pharmacology Q&A with
Rationale | William Paterson University
1. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires an antihypertensive. Which
medication should be used with caution due to the risk of hyperkalemia?
A. Lisinopril
B. Amlodipine
C. Metoprolol
D. Hydrochlorothiazide
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that can lead to potassium retention by
inhibiting aldosterone secretion. In patients with CKD, the kidneys’ ability to excrete
potassium is already compromised, increasing the risk of life-threatening hyperkalemia.
Therefore, close monitoring of serum electrolytes is essential when initiating this therapy
in renal patients.
2. Which side effect is most closely associated with the use of Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes
management?
A. Weight gain
B. Hypoglycemia
,C. Lactic acidosis
D. Peripheral edema
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Metformin carries a boxed warning for lactic acidosis, a rare but
serious metabolic complication. This risk is increased in patients with renal impairment or
those undergoing procedures with contrast dye. It is generally preferred as first-line
therapy because it does not cause weight gain or significant hypoglycemia.
3. When monitoring a patient on Warfarin therapy, what is the most appropriate laboratory
test to evaluate effectiveness?
A. aPTT
B. Platelet count
C. Hemoglobin
D. INR
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: The International Normalized Ratio (INR) is the standardized
measurement used to monitor the anticoagulant effect of Warfarin. It ensures that the
patient’s blood clotting time stays within a therapeutic range to prevent both clots and
excessive bleeding. Proper management requires regular testing and adjustment based on
dietary vitamin K intake.
, 4. Statins, such as Atorvastatin, are known to cause which of the following serious adverse
effects involving the musculoskeletal system?
A. Rhabdomyolysis
B. Osteoarthritis
C. Gout
D. Osteoporosis
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Rhabdomyolysis is a severe form of muscle breakdown that can lead
to acute kidney injury due to myoglobin release. Patients taking statins should be
instructed to report unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness immediately.
Monitoring of creatine kinase (CK) levels is indicated if muscle symptoms occur during
therapy.
5. Amlodipine belongs to which class of antihypertensive medications?
A. Loop Diuretics
B. Beta-Adrenergic Blockers
C. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
D. Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers
Correct Answer: D
Advance Pharmacology Q&A with
Rationale | William Paterson University
1. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires an antihypertensive. Which
medication should be used with caution due to the risk of hyperkalemia?
A. Lisinopril
B. Amlodipine
C. Metoprolol
D. Hydrochlorothiazide
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that can lead to potassium retention by
inhibiting aldosterone secretion. In patients with CKD, the kidneys’ ability to excrete
potassium is already compromised, increasing the risk of life-threatening hyperkalemia.
Therefore, close monitoring of serum electrolytes is essential when initiating this therapy
in renal patients.
2. Which side effect is most closely associated with the use of Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes
management?
A. Weight gain
B. Hypoglycemia
,C. Lactic acidosis
D. Peripheral edema
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Metformin carries a boxed warning for lactic acidosis, a rare but
serious metabolic complication. This risk is increased in patients with renal impairment or
those undergoing procedures with contrast dye. It is generally preferred as first-line
therapy because it does not cause weight gain or significant hypoglycemia.
3. When monitoring a patient on Warfarin therapy, what is the most appropriate laboratory
test to evaluate effectiveness?
A. aPTT
B. Platelet count
C. Hemoglobin
D. INR
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: The International Normalized Ratio (INR) is the standardized
measurement used to monitor the anticoagulant effect of Warfarin. It ensures that the
patient’s blood clotting time stays within a therapeutic range to prevent both clots and
excessive bleeding. Proper management requires regular testing and adjustment based on
dietary vitamin K intake.
, 4. Statins, such as Atorvastatin, are known to cause which of the following serious adverse
effects involving the musculoskeletal system?
A. Rhabdomyolysis
B. Osteoarthritis
C. Gout
D. Osteoporosis
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Rhabdomyolysis is a severe form of muscle breakdown that can lead
to acute kidney injury due to myoglobin release. Patients taking statins should be
instructed to report unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness immediately.
Monitoring of creatine kinase (CK) levels is indicated if muscle symptoms occur during
therapy.
5. Amlodipine belongs to which class of antihypertensive medications?
A. Loop Diuretics
B. Beta-Adrenergic Blockers
C. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
D. Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers
Correct Answer: D
