NUR 601 Exam Bank
Questions 1–150 with Rationale
Question 1
Who is credited with developing the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms?
a) Lenz
b) Mishel
c) Kolcaba
d) Parse
Correct Answer: a) Lenz
Rationale: Lenz and colleagues developed the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms (TOUS)
in 1997. The theory focuses on how multiple symptoms (physical, psychological,
situational) interact and influence functional outcomes. Mishel developed Uncertainty in
Illness Theory, Kolcaba developed Comfort Theory, and Parse developed Human
Becoming Theory.
Question 2
According to the Iowa Model of EBP, what is the immediate next step after identifying a
trigger?
a) Pilot the change
,b) Form a team
c) Determine if the topic is a priority
d) Critically appraise the evidence
Correct Answer: c) Determine if the topic is a priority
Rationale: The Iowa Model proceeds sequentially: (1) identify trigger, (2) determine if
topic is a priority for the organization, (3) form a team, (4) assemble and appraise
evidence, (5) pilot change, (6) implement, and (7) evaluate outcomes.
Question 3
Carper’s patterns of knowing include all EXCEPT:
a) Empirical
b) Personal
c) Theoretical
d) Ethical
Correct Answer: c) Theoretical
Rationale: Carper (1978) identified four fundamental patterns: empirical, personal,
ethical, and aesthetic. "Theoretical" is not one of Carper’s original patterns; theory is a
vehicle for organizing empirical knowledge.
Question 4
Which theorist is known for the Science of Unitary Human Beings?
a) Martha Rogers
b) Rosemarie Parse
,c) Betty Neuman
d) Imogene King
Correct Answer: a) Martha Rogers
Rationale: Rogers proposed the Science of Unitary Human Beings, emphasizing energy
fields, openness, pattern, and pandimensionality. Parse extended Rogers’ work into
Human Becoming Theory. Neuman developed the Neuman Systems Model, and King
developed the Theory of Goal Attainment.
Question 5
A novice nurse who rigidly follows algorithms without adapting to patient context is at
which Benner stage?
a) Novice
b) Advanced beginner
c) Competent
d) Proficient
Correct Answer: a) Novice
Rationale: In Benner’s model, the novice relies on context-free rules and guidelines. The
advanced beginner recognizes patterns from experience. The competent nurse plans
deliberately. The proficient nurse sees the whole situation. The expert acts intuitively.
Question 6
Which EBP model emphasizes the dynamic interaction between evidence, context, and
facilitation?
, a) Stetler Model
b) Iowa Model
c) PARIHS
d) ACE Star Model
Correct Answer: c) PARIHS
Rationale: PARIHS (Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services)
posits that successful implementation (SI) = f(evidence, context, facilitation). Evidence
must be robust, context receptive, and facilitation appropriate.
Question 7
Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory is most appropriate for which patient?
a) A stroke patient with hemiplegia
b) A new mother with full self-care
c) A patient refusing all care
d) A healthy adult for annual exam
Correct Answer: a) A stroke patient with hemiplegia
Rationale: Orem’s theory applies when patients have a deficit between self-care
demands and their ability to perform care. A stroke patient with hemiplegia has a clear
self-care deficit. The other options describe individuals with no or minimal deficits.
Question 8
The primary difference between a DNP and a PhD in nursing is:
a) DNP focuses on clinical practice leadership; PhD focuses on research
Questions 1–150 with Rationale
Question 1
Who is credited with developing the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms?
a) Lenz
b) Mishel
c) Kolcaba
d) Parse
Correct Answer: a) Lenz
Rationale: Lenz and colleagues developed the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms (TOUS)
in 1997. The theory focuses on how multiple symptoms (physical, psychological,
situational) interact and influence functional outcomes. Mishel developed Uncertainty in
Illness Theory, Kolcaba developed Comfort Theory, and Parse developed Human
Becoming Theory.
Question 2
According to the Iowa Model of EBP, what is the immediate next step after identifying a
trigger?
a) Pilot the change
,b) Form a team
c) Determine if the topic is a priority
d) Critically appraise the evidence
Correct Answer: c) Determine if the topic is a priority
Rationale: The Iowa Model proceeds sequentially: (1) identify trigger, (2) determine if
topic is a priority for the organization, (3) form a team, (4) assemble and appraise
evidence, (5) pilot change, (6) implement, and (7) evaluate outcomes.
Question 3
Carper’s patterns of knowing include all EXCEPT:
a) Empirical
b) Personal
c) Theoretical
d) Ethical
Correct Answer: c) Theoretical
Rationale: Carper (1978) identified four fundamental patterns: empirical, personal,
ethical, and aesthetic. "Theoretical" is not one of Carper’s original patterns; theory is a
vehicle for organizing empirical knowledge.
Question 4
Which theorist is known for the Science of Unitary Human Beings?
a) Martha Rogers
b) Rosemarie Parse
,c) Betty Neuman
d) Imogene King
Correct Answer: a) Martha Rogers
Rationale: Rogers proposed the Science of Unitary Human Beings, emphasizing energy
fields, openness, pattern, and pandimensionality. Parse extended Rogers’ work into
Human Becoming Theory. Neuman developed the Neuman Systems Model, and King
developed the Theory of Goal Attainment.
Question 5
A novice nurse who rigidly follows algorithms without adapting to patient context is at
which Benner stage?
a) Novice
b) Advanced beginner
c) Competent
d) Proficient
Correct Answer: a) Novice
Rationale: In Benner’s model, the novice relies on context-free rules and guidelines. The
advanced beginner recognizes patterns from experience. The competent nurse plans
deliberately. The proficient nurse sees the whole situation. The expert acts intuitively.
Question 6
Which EBP model emphasizes the dynamic interaction between evidence, context, and
facilitation?
, a) Stetler Model
b) Iowa Model
c) PARIHS
d) ACE Star Model
Correct Answer: c) PARIHS
Rationale: PARIHS (Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services)
posits that successful implementation (SI) = f(evidence, context, facilitation). Evidence
must be robust, context receptive, and facilitation appropriate.
Question 7
Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory is most appropriate for which patient?
a) A stroke patient with hemiplegia
b) A new mother with full self-care
c) A patient refusing all care
d) A healthy adult for annual exam
Correct Answer: a) A stroke patient with hemiplegia
Rationale: Orem’s theory applies when patients have a deficit between self-care
demands and their ability to perform care. A stroke patient with hemiplegia has a clear
self-care deficit. The other options describe individuals with no or minimal deficits.
Question 8
The primary difference between a DNP and a PhD in nursing is:
a) DNP focuses on clinical practice leadership; PhD focuses on research
