Page 1 of 116
QUALITY ASSURANCE CERTIFICATION
EXAM|QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALE|GRADED A+|100%
CORRECT|2026 UPDATE
Q1. The definition of "quality" according to ISO 9000 is:
A) Degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills
requirements
B) Zero defects
C) Customer satisfaction
D) Conformance to specifications
Answer: A
Rationale: ISO 9000 defines quality as the degree to which a
set of inherent characteristics of an object fulfills requirements.
This includes both explicit and implicit needs.
,Page 2 of 116
Q2. Who is considered the "father of modern quality
management" and introduced the 14 Points for Management?
A) Joseph Juran
B) Philip Crosby
C) W. Edwards Deming
D) Kaoru Ishikawa
Answer: C
Rationale: W. Edwards Deming is credited with revolutionizing
quality in Japan and later the US. His 14 Points emphasize
continuous improvement, eliminating fear, breaking down
barriers, and driving out waste.
Q3. Juran's "Quality Trilogy" consists of:
A) Plan, Do, Check, Act
B) Quality Planning, Quality Control, Quality Improvement
C) Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control
D) Inspection, Testing, Auditing
,Page 3 of 116
Answer: B
Rationale: Juran's trilogy provides a structured approach:
Quality Planning (design to meet customer needs), Quality
Control (monitoring and correcting), and Quality Improvement
(breakthrough changes).
Q4. Philip Crosby defined quality as:
A) Fitness for use
B) Conformance to requirements
C) Zero defects
D) Both B and C (conformance to requirements and zero defects)
Answer: D
Rationale: Crosby famously stated "Quality is free" and defined
quality as conformance to requirements, with zero defects as the
performance standard.
Q5. The "Cost of Quality" (COQ) includes:
A) Prevention costs only
, Page 4 of 116
B) Appraisal costs only
C) Failure costs (internal and external)
D) All of the above (prevention, appraisal, internal failure,
external failure)
Answer: D
Rationale: COQ categories: Prevention (training, planning),
Appraisal (inspection, testing), Internal Failure (scrap, rework),
External Failure (warranty, complaints, returns).
Q6. An "external failure cost" is best described as:
A) Cost of inspecting incoming materials
B) Cost of reworking a defective product before shipment
C) Cost of warranty claims and customer returns after product is
shipped
D) Cost of quality training
Answer: C
Rationale: External failure costs occur after the product has been
QUALITY ASSURANCE CERTIFICATION
EXAM|QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALE|GRADED A+|100%
CORRECT|2026 UPDATE
Q1. The definition of "quality" according to ISO 9000 is:
A) Degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills
requirements
B) Zero defects
C) Customer satisfaction
D) Conformance to specifications
Answer: A
Rationale: ISO 9000 defines quality as the degree to which a
set of inherent characteristics of an object fulfills requirements.
This includes both explicit and implicit needs.
,Page 2 of 116
Q2. Who is considered the "father of modern quality
management" and introduced the 14 Points for Management?
A) Joseph Juran
B) Philip Crosby
C) W. Edwards Deming
D) Kaoru Ishikawa
Answer: C
Rationale: W. Edwards Deming is credited with revolutionizing
quality in Japan and later the US. His 14 Points emphasize
continuous improvement, eliminating fear, breaking down
barriers, and driving out waste.
Q3. Juran's "Quality Trilogy" consists of:
A) Plan, Do, Check, Act
B) Quality Planning, Quality Control, Quality Improvement
C) Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control
D) Inspection, Testing, Auditing
,Page 3 of 116
Answer: B
Rationale: Juran's trilogy provides a structured approach:
Quality Planning (design to meet customer needs), Quality
Control (monitoring and correcting), and Quality Improvement
(breakthrough changes).
Q4. Philip Crosby defined quality as:
A) Fitness for use
B) Conformance to requirements
C) Zero defects
D) Both B and C (conformance to requirements and zero defects)
Answer: D
Rationale: Crosby famously stated "Quality is free" and defined
quality as conformance to requirements, with zero defects as the
performance standard.
Q5. The "Cost of Quality" (COQ) includes:
A) Prevention costs only
, Page 4 of 116
B) Appraisal costs only
C) Failure costs (internal and external)
D) All of the above (prevention, appraisal, internal failure,
external failure)
Answer: D
Rationale: COQ categories: Prevention (training, planning),
Appraisal (inspection, testing), Internal Failure (scrap, rework),
External Failure (warranty, complaints, returns).
Q6. An "external failure cost" is best described as:
A) Cost of inspecting incoming materials
B) Cost of reworking a defective product before shipment
C) Cost of warranty claims and customer returns after product is
shipped
D) Cost of quality training
Answer: C
Rationale: External failure costs occur after the product has been
