PSYC 3530 - Exam 3 Questions With Correct Answers

PSYC 3530 - Exam 3 Questions With
Correct Answers

Contours - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-any place in the visual field where
| | | | | | | | | |



light intensity seems to change abruptly, used for shape; these contours
| | | | | | | | | | |



are where there is contrast because light falls in adjacent areas
| | | | | | | | | |




lightness contrast - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-effect in which the intensity
| | | | | | | | |



of large background regions can modify the lightness of smaller
| | | | | | | | | |



enclosed areas |




lateral inhibition - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The pattern of interaction
| | | | | | | |



among neurons in the visual system in which activity in one neuron
| | | | | | | | | | | |



inhibits adjacent neurons' responses.
| | |




how does lateral inhibition explain lightness contrast effect? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | |



ANSWER✔✔-it enhances edges and borders as a result| | | | | | |




Mach bands - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an illusion of a band of
| | | | | | | | | |



brightness/darkness at borders where there are abrupt damages in | | | | | | | | |



luminance

,spatial frequency - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-how rapidly stimulus changes
| | | | | | |



across space; the degree of frequency the grating repeats itself per its
| | | | | | | | | | | | |



visual angle |




For a grating stimulus, spatial frequency refers to the frequency with
| | | | | | | | | | |



which the grating repeats itself per degree of visual angle.
| | | | | | | | |




For more natural stimuli, high spatial frequencies are associated with
| | | | | | | | | |



fine details, and low spatial frequencies are associated withgrosser
| | | | | | | | |



features


detectors - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Channels in the visual system thatare
| | | | | | | |



sensitive to narrow ranges ofspatial frequencies.
| | | | | |




Contrast Sensitivity Function - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-function that
| | | | | | |



represents the visual system's sensitivity for the range of perceived
| | | | | | | | | |



spatial frequencies.- Specifically, the function represents the relation
| | | | | | | |



between spatial frequency and threshold levels of contrast.
| | | | | | |




What spatial frequencies are we most sensitive to? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | |



ANSWER✔✔-2-4 cycles/deg | |




-lowest contrast to see them| | | |




Block Portrait - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-An image that has been
| | | | | | | | |



computer processed into a pattern of small blocks;
| | | | | | |

, - each block is uniform in luminance throughout its area
| | | | | | | | |




- and is assigned the same dark-light value as the average value ofthe
| | | | | | | | | | | | |



original portion of the picture.
| | | |




Why does block averaging interfere with recognition? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | |



ANSWER✔✔--creates high frequency noice | | |




-spatial frequency analysis occurs early in vision
| | | | | |




-occurs earlier than when we identify what an object is
| | | | | | | | |




Why are spatial frequencies important? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--visual
| | | | | | | |



displays can be analyzed by spatial frequency
| | | | | |




-one way the visual system encodes complex visual information for
| | | | | | | | | |



further processing |




Perception involves a complex interaction between - CORRECT
| | | | | | | |



ANSWER✔✔-bottom-up and top-down processing | | |




bottom-up processing - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--perception is initiated
| | | | | | |



by the components of the stimulus pattern (which, when summed, lead
| | | | | | | | | | |



to recognition of the whole configuration)
| | | | |




-looking at different parts of highlighter to identify the highlighter
| | | | | | | | |




-stimulus driven |




-preattentive