CHM 2046L
FINAL STUDY GUIDE EXAM (2026)
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
Alpha decay - ANSWER-loss of an alpha particle during radioactive decay
Alpha particle - ANSWER-high-energy helium nucleus; a helium atom that has lost two
electrons and contains two protons and two neutrons
Becquerel (Bq) - ANSWER-SI unit for rate of radioactive 1 Bq = 1 disintegration/s
Beta decay - ANSWER-breakdown of a neutron into a proton, which remains in the nucleus, and
an electron, which is emitted as a beta particle
Beta particle - ANSWER-high-energy electron
Curie (Ci) - ANSWER-larger unit for rate of radioactive decay frequently used in medicine; 1 Ci
= 3.7e10 disintegrations/s
Daughter nuclide - ANSWER-nuclide produced by the radioactive decay of another nuclide; may
be stable or may decay further
Electron capture - ANSWER-combination of a core electron with a proton to yield a neutron
within the nucleus
Gamma emission - ANSWER-decay of an excited-state state nuclide accompanied by emission
of a gamma ray
Gamma ray - ANSWER-short wavelength, high-energy electromagnetic radiation that exhibits
wave-particle duality
Geiger counter - ANSWER-instrument that detects and measures radiation via the ionization
produced in a Geiger-Müller tube
Gray (Gy) - ANSWER-SI unit for measuring dose; 1 Gy = 1 J absorbed/kg tissue
Half-life (t1/2) - ANSWER-tiem required for half of the atoms in a radioactive sample to decay
Ionizing radiation - ANSWER-radiation that can cause a molecule to lose an electron and form
an ion
Millicurie (mci) - ANSWER-larger unit for rate of radioactive decay frequently used in
medicine; 1 mci = 3.7e7 disintegrations/s
Nuclear chemistry - ANSWER-study of the structure of atomic nuclei and processes that change
nuclear structure
,Nuclear reaction - ANSWER-change to a nucleus, resulting in changes in the atomic number,
mass number, or energy state
Nucleon - ANSWER-collective term for protons and neutrons in a nucleus
Nuclide - ANSWER-nucleus of a particular isotope
Parent nuclide - ANSWER-unstable nuclide that changes spontaneously into another (daughter)
nuclide
True or False: If you are late to class, you can take the quiz after the lab is over - ANSWER-
False
List 4 pieces of PPE (personal protective equipment) that must always be worn in the lab -
ANSWER-- Safety goggles
- Lab coat
- Long pants/skirts
- No crop tops
- Long hair tied up
True or False: The volume of a mixture is always the same as the sum of the individual volumes
- ANSWER-False
Ex. When mixing 10ml of rubbing alcohol with 10ml of water, the total volume will be less than
20ml
Is the mass of a mixture always the sum of the individual masses? How is that different than
volume? - ANSWER-Yes, due to the law of consideration of mass, masses are additive. Volumes
are not additive due to the different molecular components of each liquid (size of molecules)
What is your GTA's name? - ANSWER-Krystal Baez
Accuracy - ANSWER-How close a measurement is to the true/actual value
Precision - ANSWER-How close together, or common, the measurements are
How would you round a graduated cylinder measurement? - ANSWER-Ex. 2.65
How does TD dictate how glassware is used in the lab? - ANSWER-TD = To deliver a liquid
Ex. Pipettes, burets
How does TC dictate how glassware is used in the lab? - ANSWER-TC = To contain
Ex. Beaker, volumetric flask
Why are students expected to develop their own experimental procedures in the chemistry lab? -
ANSWER-To develop critical thinking skills and increase their understanding of chemistry
concepts
, Random Error - ANSWER-Errors cannot be fixed and therefore can only be accounted for
Systematic Error - ANSWER-Errors that always occurs in the same direction; can be fixed
Find the density of a substance that has a mass of 49.87g and a volume of 50.0ml - ANSWER-
Density = Mass/Volume
Density = 49.87g/50.0ml
An aqueous solution of calcium carbonate (caco3) does not make the light bulb light up. Use
chemical terminology to explain why this might be - ANSWER-caco3 does not conduct
electricity or ionize in solutions because it is a nonelectrolyte
Dissociation - ANSWER-Substance breaks down into components of ions (does not include
nonelectrolytes)
Solubility - ANSWER-The ability of a substance to dissolve in another (includes strong, weak,
and nonelectrolytes); not dependent on amount of ionization
Classify each of the following compounds as either strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte, or a
nonelectrolyte
A. Sodium Chloride (nacl)
B. Hydrochloric Acid (hcl)
C. Sugar (Glycose) - ANSWER-a. Strong electrolyte
B. Strong electrolyte
C. Nonelectrolyte
Weak Electrolytes - ANSWER-Compounds whose solutions contain a small fraction of the
solute in the form of ions and conduct small amounts of current
Ex. NH3
Strong Electrolytes - ANSWER-Compounds whose solutions contain a large fraction of the
solute in the form of ions and conduct large amounts of current
Ex. Naoh, H2SO4
A chemical reaction was carried out using 23.5ml of 1.2M acetic acid. How many moles of
CH3COOH were used? - ANSWER-Moles = Molarity (M) x Volume (L)
Moles = 1.2M x 0.0235L
Aqueous Solution - ANSWER-A solution composed of multiple substances, typically a solute
and H2O
Pure Substance - ANSWER-A solution with only 1 component, it is 100% of a singular
substance
FINAL STUDY GUIDE EXAM (2026)
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
Alpha decay - ANSWER-loss of an alpha particle during radioactive decay
Alpha particle - ANSWER-high-energy helium nucleus; a helium atom that has lost two
electrons and contains two protons and two neutrons
Becquerel (Bq) - ANSWER-SI unit for rate of radioactive 1 Bq = 1 disintegration/s
Beta decay - ANSWER-breakdown of a neutron into a proton, which remains in the nucleus, and
an electron, which is emitted as a beta particle
Beta particle - ANSWER-high-energy electron
Curie (Ci) - ANSWER-larger unit for rate of radioactive decay frequently used in medicine; 1 Ci
= 3.7e10 disintegrations/s
Daughter nuclide - ANSWER-nuclide produced by the radioactive decay of another nuclide; may
be stable or may decay further
Electron capture - ANSWER-combination of a core electron with a proton to yield a neutron
within the nucleus
Gamma emission - ANSWER-decay of an excited-state state nuclide accompanied by emission
of a gamma ray
Gamma ray - ANSWER-short wavelength, high-energy electromagnetic radiation that exhibits
wave-particle duality
Geiger counter - ANSWER-instrument that detects and measures radiation via the ionization
produced in a Geiger-Müller tube
Gray (Gy) - ANSWER-SI unit for measuring dose; 1 Gy = 1 J absorbed/kg tissue
Half-life (t1/2) - ANSWER-tiem required for half of the atoms in a radioactive sample to decay
Ionizing radiation - ANSWER-radiation that can cause a molecule to lose an electron and form
an ion
Millicurie (mci) - ANSWER-larger unit for rate of radioactive decay frequently used in
medicine; 1 mci = 3.7e7 disintegrations/s
Nuclear chemistry - ANSWER-study of the structure of atomic nuclei and processes that change
nuclear structure
,Nuclear reaction - ANSWER-change to a nucleus, resulting in changes in the atomic number,
mass number, or energy state
Nucleon - ANSWER-collective term for protons and neutrons in a nucleus
Nuclide - ANSWER-nucleus of a particular isotope
Parent nuclide - ANSWER-unstable nuclide that changes spontaneously into another (daughter)
nuclide
True or False: If you are late to class, you can take the quiz after the lab is over - ANSWER-
False
List 4 pieces of PPE (personal protective equipment) that must always be worn in the lab -
ANSWER-- Safety goggles
- Lab coat
- Long pants/skirts
- No crop tops
- Long hair tied up
True or False: The volume of a mixture is always the same as the sum of the individual volumes
- ANSWER-False
Ex. When mixing 10ml of rubbing alcohol with 10ml of water, the total volume will be less than
20ml
Is the mass of a mixture always the sum of the individual masses? How is that different than
volume? - ANSWER-Yes, due to the law of consideration of mass, masses are additive. Volumes
are not additive due to the different molecular components of each liquid (size of molecules)
What is your GTA's name? - ANSWER-Krystal Baez
Accuracy - ANSWER-How close a measurement is to the true/actual value
Precision - ANSWER-How close together, or common, the measurements are
How would you round a graduated cylinder measurement? - ANSWER-Ex. 2.65
How does TD dictate how glassware is used in the lab? - ANSWER-TD = To deliver a liquid
Ex. Pipettes, burets
How does TC dictate how glassware is used in the lab? - ANSWER-TC = To contain
Ex. Beaker, volumetric flask
Why are students expected to develop their own experimental procedures in the chemistry lab? -
ANSWER-To develop critical thinking skills and increase their understanding of chemistry
concepts
, Random Error - ANSWER-Errors cannot be fixed and therefore can only be accounted for
Systematic Error - ANSWER-Errors that always occurs in the same direction; can be fixed
Find the density of a substance that has a mass of 49.87g and a volume of 50.0ml - ANSWER-
Density = Mass/Volume
Density = 49.87g/50.0ml
An aqueous solution of calcium carbonate (caco3) does not make the light bulb light up. Use
chemical terminology to explain why this might be - ANSWER-caco3 does not conduct
electricity or ionize in solutions because it is a nonelectrolyte
Dissociation - ANSWER-Substance breaks down into components of ions (does not include
nonelectrolytes)
Solubility - ANSWER-The ability of a substance to dissolve in another (includes strong, weak,
and nonelectrolytes); not dependent on amount of ionization
Classify each of the following compounds as either strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte, or a
nonelectrolyte
A. Sodium Chloride (nacl)
B. Hydrochloric Acid (hcl)
C. Sugar (Glycose) - ANSWER-a. Strong electrolyte
B. Strong electrolyte
C. Nonelectrolyte
Weak Electrolytes - ANSWER-Compounds whose solutions contain a small fraction of the
solute in the form of ions and conduct small amounts of current
Ex. NH3
Strong Electrolytes - ANSWER-Compounds whose solutions contain a large fraction of the
solute in the form of ions and conduct large amounts of current
Ex. Naoh, H2SO4
A chemical reaction was carried out using 23.5ml of 1.2M acetic acid. How many moles of
CH3COOH were used? - ANSWER-Moles = Molarity (M) x Volume (L)
Moles = 1.2M x 0.0235L
Aqueous Solution - ANSWER-A solution composed of multiple substances, typically a solute
and H2O
Pure Substance - ANSWER-A solution with only 1 component, it is 100% of a singular
substance
