What are the clinical manifestations of hearing loss? - Answers -tinnitus "ringing of the ears"
-inability to hear in groups
-increasing tv volume
-can be gradual and unrecognized
What is a Weber test? - Answers A test where a tuning fork is placed on the forehead to determine if
hearing loss is conductive or sensorineural.
What is the Rinne test? - Answers A test using a tuning fork to determine hearing loss. The fork is
placed on the bone behind the ear and in the air behind the ear.
What assessments are done to determine hearing loss? - Answers -ear inspection
otoscope exam
-gross auditory and whisper test (standing behind the patient saying things to see if they can repeat
back)
What assistive devices are used for hearing loss? - Answers -hearing aides
-hearing amplifiers
-hearing dogs
What are the conditions of the external ear? - Answers -cerumen impaction (earwax)
-foreign bodies
-external otitis (swimmers ear, infection)
What are the conditions of the middle ear? - Answers tympanic membrane perforation (hole in the
ear)
acute otitis media
serous otitis media
chronic otitis media
What are the middle ear surgical procedures? - Answers -tympanoplasty (reconstruction of the
tympanic membrane)
-ossiculoplasty (reconstruction of the middle ear bones)
-mastoidectomy (removal of diseased bone)
What are the conditions of the inner ear? - Answers -dizziness
-vertigo
-tinnitus
-labyrinthitis (inflammation of the inner ear)
-benign positional vertigo
-acoustic neuroma (tumor of cranial nerve 8)
-ototoxicity (damage to inner ear, ear poisoning)
What is Meniere's disease? - Answers Abnormal inner ear fluid balance caused by malabsorption.
Tx: meclizine (Antivert)
What is Glaucoma? - Answers A condition in which there is damage to the optic nerve related to
intraocular pressure (IOP)
What are the risk factors for glaucoma? - Answers -age 55+
-Black, Asian or Hispanic
-family history
-Diabetes, HTN, sickle cell, migraines
What is the physiology of Glaucome? - Answers imbalance in aqueous production and drainage.
Blocked outflow equals pressure buildup in the eyes.
What are the types of Glaucoma? - Answers -wide angle (most common, chronic + progressive)
-narrow angle (rare, quickly)
-congenital (dx age 3-6m)
*may be primary or secondary*
What are the clinical manifestations of Glaucoma? - Answers -"silent thief", unaware until significant
vision loss
-aching, discomfort around the eye
-headache
What are the diagnostic evaluations of Glaucoma? - Answers -Tonometry (assess IOP)
-Fundoscopy (looks at the inner eye)
-Gonioscopy (exams anterior chamber of the eye)