NUR 336 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
What percentage of magnesium is stored in bones? - Answers 50-70%
What are the main functions of magnesium in the body? - Answers Regulates nerve and muscle
function, blood pressure, blood glucose, and helps make DNA and proteins.
What is the definition of hypomagnesemia? - Answers A condition where magnesium levels are less
than 1.5 mEq/dL.
What is considered critically low magnesium levels? - Answers Less than 0.5 mEq/dL.
What are common causes of hypomagnesemia? - Answers Medications (like diuretics), decreased
absorption due to conditions like celiac disease, T2DM, and severe burns.
What are early signs of hypomagnesemia? - Answers Nausea and fatigue.
What are later signs of hypomagnesemia? - Answers Spasticity, numbness/tingling, hyperactive deep
tendon reflexes, seizures/disorientation, tetany, positive Chvostek and Trousseau signs, and cardiac
dysthymias.
What is the treatment for hypomagnesemia? - Answers Increased dietary sources, oral medications
(magnesium oxide), and IV replacement if severe (magnesium sulfate).
What therapeutic uses does magnesium sulfate have? - Answers It acts as an anticonvulsant and
antiarrhythmic, treating life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.
What are the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of magnesium sulfate? - Answers Hypotension,
depression of cardiac function, cardiac arrest, depression of reflexes, muscle and respiratory paralysis.
What causes hypermagnesemia? - Answers Chronic kidney disease, certain medications,
hypothyroidism, chronic alcohol use, and excessive oral intake.
What are early signs of hypermagnesemia? - Answers Nausea, dizziness, and weakness.
What are later signs of hypermagnesemia? - Answers Confusion, sleepiness, decreased or absent
deep tendon reflexes, bladder paralysis, respiratory depression, paralysis, and coma/death.
What is the treatment for hypermagnesemia? - Answers Cardiac monitoring, removal of dietary
sources, diuretics, hemodialysis, and calcium gluconate or calcium chloride.
What is the ideal pH range for acid-base balance? - Answers 7.35-7.45.
What are the two main regulators of acid-base balance? - Answers Lungs (CO2 retention/excretion)
and kidneys (bicarbonate retention).
What characterizes metabolic acidosis? - Answers Low pH and low HCO3.
What conditions can cause metabolic acidosis? - Answers Sepsis, chronic diarrhea, impaired renal
function, DKA, and salicylate toxicity.
What characterizes metabolic alkalosis? - Answers High pH and high HCO3.
What conditions can cause metabolic alkalosis? - Answers Vomiting, gastric suctioning, and
administration of furosemide or sodium bicarbonate.
What characterizes respiratory acidosis? - Answers Low pH and high CO2.
What conditions can cause respiratory acidosis? - Answers Impaired ventilation, post-operative
states, and COPD.
What characterizes respiratory alkalosis? - Answers High pH and low CO2.
What conditions can cause respiratory alkalosis? - Answers Anxiety, pregnancy, pain, hypoxia,
pulmonary disease, and certain drugs.
What are the types of IV fluids? - Answers Hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic.
What is the purpose of administering isotonic IV fluids? - Answers Volume expansion.
What is a common use for hypotonic IV fluids? - Answers To treat excessive sweating and
dehydration.
What is a common use for hypertonic IV fluids? - Answers To treat severe hyponatremia.
What nursing considerations should be taken when administering IV medications? - Answers
Administer slowly, ensure IV is patent, verify compatibility, and use the shortest distance to the client.
What should be monitored to prevent fluid overload during IV fluid administration? - Answers Lung
sounds
What is a risk associated with immediate absorption of IV fluids? - Answers Little time to correct
errors
What complication occurs when non-vesicant IV fluid leaks out of the vessel? - Answers Infiltration
What are signs of infiltration? - Answers Pallor, local swelling, decreased skin temperature, damp
dressing, slowed infusion
What percentage of magnesium is stored in bones? - Answers 50-70%
What are the main functions of magnesium in the body? - Answers Regulates nerve and muscle
function, blood pressure, blood glucose, and helps make DNA and proteins.
What is the definition of hypomagnesemia? - Answers A condition where magnesium levels are less
than 1.5 mEq/dL.
What is considered critically low magnesium levels? - Answers Less than 0.5 mEq/dL.
What are common causes of hypomagnesemia? - Answers Medications (like diuretics), decreased
absorption due to conditions like celiac disease, T2DM, and severe burns.
What are early signs of hypomagnesemia? - Answers Nausea and fatigue.
What are later signs of hypomagnesemia? - Answers Spasticity, numbness/tingling, hyperactive deep
tendon reflexes, seizures/disorientation, tetany, positive Chvostek and Trousseau signs, and cardiac
dysthymias.
What is the treatment for hypomagnesemia? - Answers Increased dietary sources, oral medications
(magnesium oxide), and IV replacement if severe (magnesium sulfate).
What therapeutic uses does magnesium sulfate have? - Answers It acts as an anticonvulsant and
antiarrhythmic, treating life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.
What are the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of magnesium sulfate? - Answers Hypotension,
depression of cardiac function, cardiac arrest, depression of reflexes, muscle and respiratory paralysis.
What causes hypermagnesemia? - Answers Chronic kidney disease, certain medications,
hypothyroidism, chronic alcohol use, and excessive oral intake.
What are early signs of hypermagnesemia? - Answers Nausea, dizziness, and weakness.
What are later signs of hypermagnesemia? - Answers Confusion, sleepiness, decreased or absent
deep tendon reflexes, bladder paralysis, respiratory depression, paralysis, and coma/death.
What is the treatment for hypermagnesemia? - Answers Cardiac monitoring, removal of dietary
sources, diuretics, hemodialysis, and calcium gluconate or calcium chloride.
What is the ideal pH range for acid-base balance? - Answers 7.35-7.45.
What are the two main regulators of acid-base balance? - Answers Lungs (CO2 retention/excretion)
and kidneys (bicarbonate retention).
What characterizes metabolic acidosis? - Answers Low pH and low HCO3.
What conditions can cause metabolic acidosis? - Answers Sepsis, chronic diarrhea, impaired renal
function, DKA, and salicylate toxicity.
What characterizes metabolic alkalosis? - Answers High pH and high HCO3.
What conditions can cause metabolic alkalosis? - Answers Vomiting, gastric suctioning, and
administration of furosemide or sodium bicarbonate.
What characterizes respiratory acidosis? - Answers Low pH and high CO2.
What conditions can cause respiratory acidosis? - Answers Impaired ventilation, post-operative
states, and COPD.
What characterizes respiratory alkalosis? - Answers High pH and low CO2.
What conditions can cause respiratory alkalosis? - Answers Anxiety, pregnancy, pain, hypoxia,
pulmonary disease, and certain drugs.
What are the types of IV fluids? - Answers Hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic.
What is the purpose of administering isotonic IV fluids? - Answers Volume expansion.
What is a common use for hypotonic IV fluids? - Answers To treat excessive sweating and
dehydration.
What is a common use for hypertonic IV fluids? - Answers To treat severe hyponatremia.
What nursing considerations should be taken when administering IV medications? - Answers
Administer slowly, ensure IV is patent, verify compatibility, and use the shortest distance to the client.
What should be monitored to prevent fluid overload during IV fluid administration? - Answers Lung
sounds
What is a risk associated with immediate absorption of IV fluids? - Answers Little time to correct
errors
What complication occurs when non-vesicant IV fluid leaks out of the vessel? - Answers Infiltration
What are signs of infiltration? - Answers Pallor, local swelling, decreased skin temperature, damp
dressing, slowed infusion
