NUR 190 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026

NUR 190 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026 Dorothea Orem - Answers self care theory healh promotion - Answers Focuses on lifestyle choices to prevent illness Martha Rogers - Answers Science of Unitary Human Beings (help people achieve maximum heath potential) Desired outcomes of health - Answers 1) identify health assets 2) identify health-related lifestyle strengths 3) determine key health-related beliefs 4) identify risky health beliefs and health behaviors 5) determine how the patient wants to change/imporve life quality primary prevention - Answers Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring. secondary prevention - Answers -focuses on early identification of individuals/ communities experiencing illness, providing treatment, and conducting activities that are geared to prevent worsening health status -examples: communicable disease screening and case finding; early detection and treatment of diabetes; exercise programs for older adult clients who are frail Cycle of Change (Prochaska and DiClemente) - Answers 1. Precontemplation: Denial/demoralized 2. Contemplation: Stuck/stalling 3. Preperation: planning, telling family/friends about intended change 4. Action: begin to modify behavior 5. Maintenance: Struggle to prevent lapses 6. Termination: complete confidence (cycle of change completed) Precontemplation - Answers Denial/demoralized (cycle of change) contemplation - Answers Stuck/stalling (cycle of change) Preperation - Answers planning, telling family/friends about intended change (cycle of change) Action: begin to modify behavior 5. Maintenance: Struggle to prevent lapses 6. Termination: complete confidence (cycle of change completed) - Answers begin to modify behavior (cycle of change) maintenance - Answers Struggle to prevent lapses (cycle of change) Termination - Answers complete confidence (cycle of change completed) ... "permanent maintainance" psycosomatic - Answers of or relating to symptoms caused by mental or emotional problems Holistic Healthcare - Answers Emphasizes humanism, choices, self-care activities, and a peer relationship between the healthcare provider and patient. "Doing therapies" - Answers have measurable, linear outcomes (i.e. giving medications, altering diets, and changing dressings) "Being" Therapies - Answers recognize less measurable effect of conciousness both w/i the person and as a bridge btw. individuals integrative approach - Answers a comprehensive and inderdiscciplinary approach to treatment, prevention, and health promotion that brings together complementary and conventional therapies allopathic medicine - Answers traditional western medicine iatrogenic illness - Answers Disease that results from treatment and may be traced to overuse and adverse responses to medication, in addition to abuse of prescription medications CAM - Answers generally refers to a group of diverse medical and health care systems (intro in 1996) not apart of allopathic medicine CAM Modalities - Answers whole medical system mind-body interventions biologically based therapies manipulitive and body-based methods energy medicine NCCIH National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health - Answers was originally NCCAM and became "National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health" Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) - Answers a healing system that includes acupuncture, massage, herbal treatments, nutrition, moxibustion, movement, and meditation California Poppy - Answers Usess - pain relief, sedative, and relieves mild anxiety caution - contain mild alkaloids (cocain) and morphine Ginko Bibloba - Answers Uses - reduces senility/short term memory loss, improves peripheral circulation, & antioxidant Caution - fruit/seed should not be handled - may increase papaverine - side effects (GI distress, headache) ginseng - Answers ginseng - Answers Uses - reduces stress and fatigue, improves physical/mental function, assists w/ quiting smoking Caution - may increase BP, glucose levels, estrogen dependent cancer Butterbur - Answers Uses - treates migranes and allergic rhinitis Caution - raw form contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which cause liver damage Hops - Answers Uses -sedative, reduces anxiety - active ingredient is in glandular hairs on scaly, conelike fruit Kava Kava - Answers Uses - reduces stress, anxiety, insomnia ---- soothing effect on the amygdala Caution - do not use with sedatives, tranquilizers, or alcohol, large doses = intoxication, dry skin, liver toxisity linked to acetine used during extraction Rosemary and other mints - Answers Uses - normalizes nerve impulse, antioxidant, relieves headaches, sedative, memory retention Caution - slows/inhibits actions of acetycholinesterase to acetlcholine 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) - Answers treat bipolar disorder in conjunction to lithium, reduces depression, relieves insomnia amino acid is a precursor of seratonin Friedrich Bayer - Answers 1897 developed first synthetic drug aka aspirin Steps in Therapeutic Touch - Answers Centering: attention inward ... quiet, still, peaceful Assesment: pactitioner's hand 2-6 in away from client's skin to gather info about energy fields Treatment: redirect/modulate the energy and restore balance Fluid amounts for large-volume enemas - Answers 1. for infants 150 to 250 mL 2. for toddler 250 to 350 mL 3. for children 300 to 500 mL 4. for adolescents 500 to 750 mL 5. for adults 750 to 1,000 mL Cleansing Enema - Answers can be either large- or small-volume. The solution stretches the bowel wall stimulating peristalsis oil retention enema - Answers Lubricating Enema that lubricates the rectum and colon so the feces will absorb the oil and become softer and easier to pass. return flow enema - Answers remove flatus medicated enema - Answers provide medications absorbed through the rectal mucosa carminative enema - Answers help to expel flatus from the rectum and provide relief from gaseous distention aesthetics/spirituality - Answers Communion with families that strives to accomplish knowledge of health through the arts, exploration of alternative and complementary therapies, and experience of self-awareness, faith, hope, and love leveles of healthcare - Answers primary, secondary, tertiary primary healthcare - Answers health promotion health education specific protection (immunization) early detection & treatment environmental protecton secondary healthcare - Answers emergency care acute and critical care elaborate diagnosis and treatment tertiary healthcare - Answers rehabilitation long-term care care of the dying 3 roles of a nurse in a community - Answers community-based nursing community health nursing public health nursing community-based nursing - Answers Acute and chronic care of individuals and families to strengthen their capacity for self-care and promote independence in decision making. community health nursing - Answers Provides services to individuals/families/groups identifed by risk factors Focus = prevention and health promotion public health nursing - Answers the community is the patient focus = practice primary prevention community-based nurse would ... - Answers - identify patients within the identified age range and diagnosis - review medications with the family - ensure the family know the signs and symptoms requiring medical attention - participate in a clinical case review community health nurse would ... - Answers - provide follow-up with the family at a home visit - educate the parents regarding preventative methods - asses deterents to access of healthcare - refer family to needed resources for environmental assesment ---- information gathered will be used to develope other resources to help the family public health nurse would .... - Answers - monitor the statistics regarding ER visits for patients with the identified diagnosis ---- from the gathered info, the nurse will identify possible complications that hinder care (i.e. no insurance) to develope resources that will help the patients trends that affect home health care - Answers Earlier discharge from hospitals increase the demand for home-based services What is BRASS? - Answers The 'Blaylock Risk Assessment Screening Score' helps identify patients who may need assistance at discharge from the hospital. The score predicts the length a hospital stay. important considerations in home care - Answers - developmental stage: necessitates specific home care needs (infant vs adolecent) - health promotion and safety deficits: injury potential, altered health maintenance, & knowledge deficit regarding self-care procedures - cognitive and sensory deficits - decreased mobility - altered elimination - altered nutrition Goal setting should include - Answers - patient's level of functioning and independance to achieve/maintain goals - extent of family/care giver involvement - availability of community resources and the patient/family/caregiver's motivations to use resources Discharge Planning - Answers - transition: assumption about self change - continuity of care: provision of health services w/o disruption - discharge planning: nurses ensure the patient is prepared and the caregiver has recieved necessary info - collaboration: act of assembling and diecting activities to provide services harmoniously - facilitation: making something easier by eliminating problems/barriers - Negotiation: the process by which the patient/nurse/family determines goals Levels of Discharge Planning - Answers basic, universal: self-care and illness teaching Simple refferal: refer to community resources Complex referral: refer to discharge planner Standards of Practice - Answers - Assessment - Diagnosis - Planning/Outcome - Implementation - Evaluate Standards of Professional Performance - Answers Ethics Education Evidence-Based Practice Quality of Practice Communication Leadership Collaberation Proffessional Practice Evaluation Resource Utilization Environemental Health 5 phases of Home visit - Answers - initiation phase: clarifying the source of referal, purpose of visit, and initial contact with family - previsit phase: establishing an understanding with family for the purpose of the visit, scheduling the visit, and review pertinent records - in-home phase: establishing professional therapeutic relationship and implementing the nursing process - termination phase: summarize accomplishments and make plans for future visits - postvisit phase: recording findings and completing preporations for next visit Descriptive Rule-Based Knowledge - Answers Early nursing knowledge was guided by descriptive rules in providing appropriate nursing care, which lacked explanitory abilty and was authoritative in nature Development of Theoretical Knowledge - Answers Knowledge aquired through formal nuring education providing quantifiable and measurab;e information about nursing practice. Exemplified by pioneering nursing theorists such as Peplau, Orem, and Roy Development of Reflective Practice Knowledge - Answers Subjective and contextual-based knowledge Movement Toward Consilience - Answers Complex; focus is on combining forms of knowledge to produce a "whole' of nursing knowledge How to seek knowledge - Answers - identify what one needs to know - decide the approach to seek answers - devising a plan - implementing the plan - assessing the evidence Fragmentation in services - Answers often occurs because each group focuses on one aspect of the problem and does not want its funding intermixed with that of other service providers Nursing research - Answers research in nursing centered on education, methods of teaching, and methods of evaluating how nurses learned Nursing research in WWII - Answers research interest turned to supply and demand for nurses as the need for nurses increased in both military and civilian sectors Nursing research 1950's - Answers - More master's programs emerged, which taught courses on research methods - Increased federal funding - Nursing research began publishing results of studies by individuals and schools of nursing - 5-year research project sponsored by ANA focused on nurses' activities and functions