NUR 362 EXAM REVIEW PART 2 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026
What is pain? - Answers Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with
actual or potential tissue damage.
What is a very important nursing concept regarding pain? - Answers Pain is subjective; the patient is
the expert.
What are the major types of pain? - Answers Acute pain, chronic pain, nociceptive pain, neuropathic
pain, referred pain, radiating pain.
What is acute pain? - Answers Acute pain is short-duration pain usually related to tissue injury,
surgery, illness, or inflammation.
What are characteristics of acute pain? - Answers Sudden onset, identifiable cause often present,
short duration, resolves with healing/treatment.
What physiological manifestations occur with acute pain? - Answers Tachycardia, increased blood
pressure, increased respiratory rate, diaphoresis, dilated pupils, restlessness.
What is chronic pain? - Answers Chronic pain is persistent or long-term pain lasting beyond expected
healing time.
What are characteristics of chronic pain? - Answers Prolonged duration, may lack obvious cause,
persistent/recurrent, impacts quality of life.
What manifestations occur with chronic pain? - Answers Fatigue, insomnia, depression, appetite
changes, withdrawal, reduced functioning.
How do acute and chronic pain differ? - Answers Acute pain is sudden and protective, while chronic
pain is persistent and a long-term burden.
What is nociceptive pain? - Answers Nociceptive pain is pain from tissue injury or stimulation of pain
receptors.
What is neuropathic pain? - Answers Neuropathic pain is pain resulting from nerve damage or
dysfunction.
What is referred pain? - Answers Referred pain is pain perceived in a location different from its origin.
What is radiating pain? - Answers Radiating pain is pain spreading outward from the source area.
What are physiological symptoms of pain? - Answers Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure,
increased respiratory rate, diaphoresis, guarding, facial grimacing, muscle tension.
What are emotional/behavioral manifestations of pain? - Answers Anxiety, irritability, crying, anger,
withdrawal, fear, depression.
Why is it important to assess both physiological and emotional symptoms of pain? - Answers Because
pain affects body, emotions, function, and quality of life.
What pain scales are commonly used? - Answers Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Wong-Baker FACES,
FLACC Scale, Visual Analog Scale (VAS).
What is the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)? - Answers A scale where the patient rates pain from 0 to 10,
with 0 being no pain and 10 being the worst imaginable pain.
When is NRS used? - Answers For alert patients able to self-report numerically.
What is the Wong-Baker FACES Scale? - Answers A scale that uses facial expressions to represent pain
severity, helpful for pediatrics and communication barriers.
What is the FLACC Scale? - Answers FLACC stands for Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability; used
when patients cannot self-report.
What is the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)? - Answers A scale where the patient marks pain along a visual
line to measure perceived intensity.
Why is choosing the correct pain scale important? - Answers Assessment should match the patient's
developmental level, cognition, and communication ability.
What questions should nurses ask during a pain assessment? - Answers When did pain begin? Where
is pain? Duration? Characteristics? Worse/better? Related symptoms? Treatment tried?
Meaning/concerns?
Which pain scale should you use for a 45-year-old alert patient who can communicate clearly? -
Answers Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) — 0-10 scale
What question should you ask an alert adult to assess pain using the NRS? - Answers On a scale from
0-10, how would you rate your pain?
Which pain scale is appropriate for a 6-year-old child who struggles with number ratings? - Answers
Wong-Baker FACES Scale
, What does the Wong-Baker FACES Scale allow a child to do? - Answers Choose the face that best
matches their pain level.
Which pain scale is suitable for an 82-year-old patient with moderate dementia? - Answers FACES
scale or facility-approved observational tool
What pain scale should be used for a 10-month-old infant who cannot verbally report pain? -
Answers FLACC Scale
What does the FLACC Scale stand for? - Answers Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability
Which pain scale is most appropriate for a nonverbal ICU patient? - Answers FLACC scale or approved
nonverbal behavioral scale
What pain scale might be useful for a patient who prefers not to use numbers? - Answers Visual
Analog Scale (VAS)
How does a patient use the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)? - Answers By marking pain severity on a visual
line/continuum.
What pain scale was most likely used by a postoperative adult patient who rates pain as 8/10? -
Answers Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)
Which pain scale is most likely used for an alert adult during a standard nursing assessment? -
Answers Numeric Rating Scale (0-10)
Which pain scale is most likely used for a pediatric patient? - Answers Wong-Baker FACES Scale
Which pain scale is most likely used for infants or nonverbal patients? - Answers FLACC Scale
Which pain scale is most likely used for a patient preferring a visual continuum instead of numbers? -
Answers Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
What is a problem with using a 0-10 numeric scale with a confused nonverbal patient? - Answers The
scale does not match the patient's communication/cognitive ability.
Why is selecting the correct pain scale important? - Answers It must match developmental level,
cognition, communication ability, and patient needs.
What can happen if the wrong pain scale is used? - Answers It can lead to inaccurate pain assessment
and undertreatment/overtreatment.
What is the primary function of the respiratory system? - Answers Gas exchange: bringing oxygen
(O₂) into the body and removing carbon dioxide (CO₂) out of the body.
What structures make up the upper respiratory tract? - Answers Nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx,
larynx.
What structures make up the lower respiratory tract? - Answers Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs,
alveoli.
What are alveoli? - Answers Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs; oxygen enters the bloodstream
and carbon dioxide leaves.
What is the diaphragm? - Answers The major muscle of breathing that contracts and moves
downward during inspiration, expanding the chest cavity.
What is inspiration? - Answers Inhalation; air moves into the lungs.
What is expiration? - Answers Exhalation; air moves out of the lungs.
What is ventilation? - Answers Movement of air into and out of the lungs.
What is oxygenation? - Answers Delivery of oxygen to tissues.
What questions do you ask during Respiratory ROS? - Answers Shortness of breath, cough, sputum,
wheezing, chest pain, respiratory infection history, environmental exposure.
What personal/social history questions are important during respiratory assessment? - Answers
Smoking history, pack-year history, secondhand smoke exposure, occupational history, environmental
history, travel history, activity/exercise tolerance, sleep history.
Why do we ask about smoking history? - Answers Smoking strongly affects respiratory health and is
associated with conditions like COPD, lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema.
Why do we ask about occupational/environmental exposures? - Answers Certain exposures increase
respiratory disease risk, such as dust, chemicals, asbestos, and pollution.
Why do we ask about exercise tolerance? - Answers Exercise tolerance helps assess functional
respiratory status and changes may suggest cardiopulmonary disease or worsening respiratory
function.
How does a respiratory interview flow in real clinical practice? - Answers Begin with patient
complaints like shortness of breath, then ask about onset, cough, sputum, wheezing, smoking,
asthma/COPD, occupational exposures, and activity tolerance.
What is pain? - Answers Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with
actual or potential tissue damage.
What is a very important nursing concept regarding pain? - Answers Pain is subjective; the patient is
the expert.
What are the major types of pain? - Answers Acute pain, chronic pain, nociceptive pain, neuropathic
pain, referred pain, radiating pain.
What is acute pain? - Answers Acute pain is short-duration pain usually related to tissue injury,
surgery, illness, or inflammation.
What are characteristics of acute pain? - Answers Sudden onset, identifiable cause often present,
short duration, resolves with healing/treatment.
What physiological manifestations occur with acute pain? - Answers Tachycardia, increased blood
pressure, increased respiratory rate, diaphoresis, dilated pupils, restlessness.
What is chronic pain? - Answers Chronic pain is persistent or long-term pain lasting beyond expected
healing time.
What are characteristics of chronic pain? - Answers Prolonged duration, may lack obvious cause,
persistent/recurrent, impacts quality of life.
What manifestations occur with chronic pain? - Answers Fatigue, insomnia, depression, appetite
changes, withdrawal, reduced functioning.
How do acute and chronic pain differ? - Answers Acute pain is sudden and protective, while chronic
pain is persistent and a long-term burden.
What is nociceptive pain? - Answers Nociceptive pain is pain from tissue injury or stimulation of pain
receptors.
What is neuropathic pain? - Answers Neuropathic pain is pain resulting from nerve damage or
dysfunction.
What is referred pain? - Answers Referred pain is pain perceived in a location different from its origin.
What is radiating pain? - Answers Radiating pain is pain spreading outward from the source area.
What are physiological symptoms of pain? - Answers Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure,
increased respiratory rate, diaphoresis, guarding, facial grimacing, muscle tension.
What are emotional/behavioral manifestations of pain? - Answers Anxiety, irritability, crying, anger,
withdrawal, fear, depression.
Why is it important to assess both physiological and emotional symptoms of pain? - Answers Because
pain affects body, emotions, function, and quality of life.
What pain scales are commonly used? - Answers Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Wong-Baker FACES,
FLACC Scale, Visual Analog Scale (VAS).
What is the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)? - Answers A scale where the patient rates pain from 0 to 10,
with 0 being no pain and 10 being the worst imaginable pain.
When is NRS used? - Answers For alert patients able to self-report numerically.
What is the Wong-Baker FACES Scale? - Answers A scale that uses facial expressions to represent pain
severity, helpful for pediatrics and communication barriers.
What is the FLACC Scale? - Answers FLACC stands for Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability; used
when patients cannot self-report.
What is the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)? - Answers A scale where the patient marks pain along a visual
line to measure perceived intensity.
Why is choosing the correct pain scale important? - Answers Assessment should match the patient's
developmental level, cognition, and communication ability.
What questions should nurses ask during a pain assessment? - Answers When did pain begin? Where
is pain? Duration? Characteristics? Worse/better? Related symptoms? Treatment tried?
Meaning/concerns?
Which pain scale should you use for a 45-year-old alert patient who can communicate clearly? -
Answers Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) — 0-10 scale
What question should you ask an alert adult to assess pain using the NRS? - Answers On a scale from
0-10, how would you rate your pain?
Which pain scale is appropriate for a 6-year-old child who struggles with number ratings? - Answers
Wong-Baker FACES Scale
, What does the Wong-Baker FACES Scale allow a child to do? - Answers Choose the face that best
matches their pain level.
Which pain scale is suitable for an 82-year-old patient with moderate dementia? - Answers FACES
scale or facility-approved observational tool
What pain scale should be used for a 10-month-old infant who cannot verbally report pain? -
Answers FLACC Scale
What does the FLACC Scale stand for? - Answers Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability
Which pain scale is most appropriate for a nonverbal ICU patient? - Answers FLACC scale or approved
nonverbal behavioral scale
What pain scale might be useful for a patient who prefers not to use numbers? - Answers Visual
Analog Scale (VAS)
How does a patient use the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)? - Answers By marking pain severity on a visual
line/continuum.
What pain scale was most likely used by a postoperative adult patient who rates pain as 8/10? -
Answers Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)
Which pain scale is most likely used for an alert adult during a standard nursing assessment? -
Answers Numeric Rating Scale (0-10)
Which pain scale is most likely used for a pediatric patient? - Answers Wong-Baker FACES Scale
Which pain scale is most likely used for infants or nonverbal patients? - Answers FLACC Scale
Which pain scale is most likely used for a patient preferring a visual continuum instead of numbers? -
Answers Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
What is a problem with using a 0-10 numeric scale with a confused nonverbal patient? - Answers The
scale does not match the patient's communication/cognitive ability.
Why is selecting the correct pain scale important? - Answers It must match developmental level,
cognition, communication ability, and patient needs.
What can happen if the wrong pain scale is used? - Answers It can lead to inaccurate pain assessment
and undertreatment/overtreatment.
What is the primary function of the respiratory system? - Answers Gas exchange: bringing oxygen
(O₂) into the body and removing carbon dioxide (CO₂) out of the body.
What structures make up the upper respiratory tract? - Answers Nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx,
larynx.
What structures make up the lower respiratory tract? - Answers Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs,
alveoli.
What are alveoli? - Answers Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs; oxygen enters the bloodstream
and carbon dioxide leaves.
What is the diaphragm? - Answers The major muscle of breathing that contracts and moves
downward during inspiration, expanding the chest cavity.
What is inspiration? - Answers Inhalation; air moves into the lungs.
What is expiration? - Answers Exhalation; air moves out of the lungs.
What is ventilation? - Answers Movement of air into and out of the lungs.
What is oxygenation? - Answers Delivery of oxygen to tissues.
What questions do you ask during Respiratory ROS? - Answers Shortness of breath, cough, sputum,
wheezing, chest pain, respiratory infection history, environmental exposure.
What personal/social history questions are important during respiratory assessment? - Answers
Smoking history, pack-year history, secondhand smoke exposure, occupational history, environmental
history, travel history, activity/exercise tolerance, sleep history.
Why do we ask about smoking history? - Answers Smoking strongly affects respiratory health and is
associated with conditions like COPD, lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema.
Why do we ask about occupational/environmental exposures? - Answers Certain exposures increase
respiratory disease risk, such as dust, chemicals, asbestos, and pollution.
Why do we ask about exercise tolerance? - Answers Exercise tolerance helps assess functional
respiratory status and changes may suggest cardiopulmonary disease or worsening respiratory
function.
How does a respiratory interview flow in real clinical practice? - Answers Begin with patient
complaints like shortness of breath, then ask about onset, cough, sputum, wheezing, smoking,
asthma/COPD, occupational exposures, and activity tolerance.
