Page 1 of 85
Racial Identity, Acculturation and Minority
Therapist | Questions and Answers | 2026
Updated | 100% Correct.
Q1
Racial identity refers to:
A) Biological ancestry only
B) A sense of group or collective identity based on one’s
perception of sharing a common racial heritage with others
C) Citizenship status
D) Socioeconomic class
Rationale: Racial identity is a psychological construct involving
self-identification and meaning attached to racial group
membership.
Answer: B
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Q2
Which of the following is a key assumption of racial identity
development models?
A) Identity is static and fixed across the lifespan
B) Identity development progresses through stages or statuses
influenced by experiences of oppression and awareness
C) All members of a racial group have identical identity
D) Race is the only salient identity
Rationale: Most models posit dynamic, non-linear progression;
experiences of racism trigger identity exploration.
Answer: B
Q3
The concept of “racial socialization” refers to:
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A) Genetic inheritance
B) The process by which parents and communities teach
children about race, racism, and racial pride
C) School integration policies
D) Colorblind ideology
Rationale: Racial socialization is a protective factor; varies by
family and culture.
Answer: B
Q4
Who developed the first influential Black racial identity
development model (Nigrescence)?
A) Sue & Sue
B) William Cross
, Page 4 of 85
C) Jean Phinney
D) Janet Helms
Rationale: Cross’s Nigrescence model (1971, revised 1991)
describes stages from pre-encounter to internalization.
Answer: B
Q5
The term “internalized racism” describes:
A) Pride in one’s race
B) Acceptance of negative stereotypes and inferiority beliefs
about one’s own racial group
C) Racial colorblindness
D) Activism against racism
Rationale: Internalized racism is a damaging consequence of
oppression; targeted in later identity stages.
Racial Identity, Acculturation and Minority
Therapist | Questions and Answers | 2026
Updated | 100% Correct.
Q1
Racial identity refers to:
A) Biological ancestry only
B) A sense of group or collective identity based on one’s
perception of sharing a common racial heritage with others
C) Citizenship status
D) Socioeconomic class
Rationale: Racial identity is a psychological construct involving
self-identification and meaning attached to racial group
membership.
Answer: B
,Page 2 of 85
Q2
Which of the following is a key assumption of racial identity
development models?
A) Identity is static and fixed across the lifespan
B) Identity development progresses through stages or statuses
influenced by experiences of oppression and awareness
C) All members of a racial group have identical identity
D) Race is the only salient identity
Rationale: Most models posit dynamic, non-linear progression;
experiences of racism trigger identity exploration.
Answer: B
Q3
The concept of “racial socialization” refers to:
,Page 3 of 85
A) Genetic inheritance
B) The process by which parents and communities teach
children about race, racism, and racial pride
C) School integration policies
D) Colorblind ideology
Rationale: Racial socialization is a protective factor; varies by
family and culture.
Answer: B
Q4
Who developed the first influential Black racial identity
development model (Nigrescence)?
A) Sue & Sue
B) William Cross
, Page 4 of 85
C) Jean Phinney
D) Janet Helms
Rationale: Cross’s Nigrescence model (1971, revised 1991)
describes stages from pre-encounter to internalization.
Answer: B
Q5
The term “internalized racism” describes:
A) Pride in one’s race
B) Acceptance of negative stereotypes and inferiority beliefs
about one’s own racial group
C) Racial colorblindness
D) Activism against racism
Rationale: Internalized racism is a damaging consequence of
oppression; targeted in later identity stages.
