NUR 634 MIDTERM EXAM VERSION I QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Q&A 2026|INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which principle best describes evidence-based practice
(EBP)?
A. Clinical experience alone guides decisions
B. Patient preference is excluded in decision-making
C. Integration of research evidence, clinical expertise, and
patient values
D. Only randomized controlled trials are used
Rationale: EBP combines best research evidence, clinician
expertise, and patient values.
Correct Answer: C
2. The primary purpose of a randomized controlled trial is to:
A. Describe population characteristics
B. Establish causation between variables
C. Generate qualitative themes
D. Conduct literature review
Rationale: RCTs are designed to determine cause-and-effect
relationships.
Correct Answer: B
,3. Which ethical principle is violated when a patient is not
informed of risks?
A. Justice
B. Autonomy
C. Fidelity
D. Veracity
Rationale: Failure to disclose risks violates truth-telling
(veracity).
Correct Answer: D
4. A nurse practitioner prescribing antibiotics should
prioritize:
A. Cost to hospital
B. Broad-spectrum use always
C. Culture and sensitivity results
D. Patient request only
Rationale: Targeted therapy reduces resistance and improves
outcomes.
Correct Answer: C
5. The most common cause of metabolic acidosis is:
A. Vomiting
B. Diarrhea
C. Hypoventilation
D. Excess bicarbonate
,Rationale: Diarrhea causes bicarbonate loss leading to acidosis.
Correct Answer: B
6. Which condition increases risk for hyperkalemia?
A. Loop diuretics
B. Chronic kidney disease
C. Vomiting
D. Hyperventilation
Rationale: Kidney dysfunction reduces potassium excretion.
Correct Answer: B
7. The function of aldosterone is to:
A. Decrease sodium reabsorption
B. Increase potassium retention
C. Increase sodium and water reabsorption
D. Decrease blood pressure directly
Rationale: Aldosterone increases Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺
excretion.
Correct Answer: C
8. A key feature of Type 2 diabetes mellitus is:
A. Absolute insulin deficiency
B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
C. Insulin resistance
, D. Excess glucagon only
Rationale: Type 2 DM is primarily insulin resistance.
Correct Answer: C
9. The gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary embolism is:
A. Chest X-ray
B. D-dimer
C. CT pulmonary angiography
D. ECG
Rationale: CT angiography directly visualizes emboli.
Correct Answer: C
10. Which drug class is first-line for hypertension in diabetic
patients?
A. Beta blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. NSAIDs
D. Calcium supplements
Rationale: ACE inhibitors protect kidneys in diabetics.
Correct Answer: B
11. A nurse identifies cyanosis. This indicates:
A. Increased oxygen saturation
B. Decreased hemoglobin concentration
AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Q&A 2026|INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which principle best describes evidence-based practice
(EBP)?
A. Clinical experience alone guides decisions
B. Patient preference is excluded in decision-making
C. Integration of research evidence, clinical expertise, and
patient values
D. Only randomized controlled trials are used
Rationale: EBP combines best research evidence, clinician
expertise, and patient values.
Correct Answer: C
2. The primary purpose of a randomized controlled trial is to:
A. Describe population characteristics
B. Establish causation between variables
C. Generate qualitative themes
D. Conduct literature review
Rationale: RCTs are designed to determine cause-and-effect
relationships.
Correct Answer: B
,3. Which ethical principle is violated when a patient is not
informed of risks?
A. Justice
B. Autonomy
C. Fidelity
D. Veracity
Rationale: Failure to disclose risks violates truth-telling
(veracity).
Correct Answer: D
4. A nurse practitioner prescribing antibiotics should
prioritize:
A. Cost to hospital
B. Broad-spectrum use always
C. Culture and sensitivity results
D. Patient request only
Rationale: Targeted therapy reduces resistance and improves
outcomes.
Correct Answer: C
5. The most common cause of metabolic acidosis is:
A. Vomiting
B. Diarrhea
C. Hypoventilation
D. Excess bicarbonate
,Rationale: Diarrhea causes bicarbonate loss leading to acidosis.
Correct Answer: B
6. Which condition increases risk for hyperkalemia?
A. Loop diuretics
B. Chronic kidney disease
C. Vomiting
D. Hyperventilation
Rationale: Kidney dysfunction reduces potassium excretion.
Correct Answer: B
7. The function of aldosterone is to:
A. Decrease sodium reabsorption
B. Increase potassium retention
C. Increase sodium and water reabsorption
D. Decrease blood pressure directly
Rationale: Aldosterone increases Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺
excretion.
Correct Answer: C
8. A key feature of Type 2 diabetes mellitus is:
A. Absolute insulin deficiency
B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
C. Insulin resistance
, D. Excess glucagon only
Rationale: Type 2 DM is primarily insulin resistance.
Correct Answer: C
9. The gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary embolism is:
A. Chest X-ray
B. D-dimer
C. CT pulmonary angiography
D. ECG
Rationale: CT angiography directly visualizes emboli.
Correct Answer: C
10. Which drug class is first-line for hypertension in diabetic
patients?
A. Beta blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. NSAIDs
D. Calcium supplements
Rationale: ACE inhibitors protect kidneys in diabetics.
Correct Answer: B
11. A nurse identifies cyanosis. This indicates:
A. Increased oxygen saturation
B. Decreased hemoglobin concentration
