NUR 5461/NUR5461 Module 1 V2 |
Immunity and Cancer Biology Q&A with
Rationale | William Paterson University
1. Which component of the immune system provides a fast, non-specific response to
pathogens and does not result in long-term memory?
A. Innate immunity
B. Humoral immunity
C. Adaptive immunity
D. Cell-mediated immunity
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Innate immunity represents the first line of defense against infection
and is present at birth. It involves physical barriers like the skin and cells such as
neutrophils and macrophages that act immediately. Unlike adaptive immunity, it does not
require prior exposure and lacks the ability to ‘remember’ specific pathogens for future
encounters.
2. A patient experiences an immediate allergic reaction after being stung by a bee. This is an
example of which type of hypersensitivity?
A. Type IV Hypersensitivity
B. Type II Hypersensitivity
,C. Type III Hypersensitivity
D. Type I Hypersensitivity
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity is an IgE-mediated reaction that occurs
almost immediately after exposure to an allergen. This involves the degranulation of mast
cells and the release of histamine, which leads to symptoms like vasodilation and edema.
Common examples include hay fever, asthma, and systemic anaphylaxis.
3. Which tumor suppressor gene is often referred to as the ‘guardian of the genome’ because
it induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to DNA damage?
A. p53
B. RAS
C. HER2/neu
D. MYC
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The p53 gene monitors the integrity of DNA during the cell cycle and
triggers repair mechanisms when damage is found. If the DNA damage is too severe to be
fixed, p53 initiates programmed cell death, or apoptosis. Mutations in this gene are found
in more than half of all human cancers, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation.
, 4. In the TNM staging system, what does the ‘N’ represent?
A. Neoplastic growth rate
B. Necrosis within the tumor
C. Involvement of regional lymph nodes
D. Number of tumors present
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: The TNM system is a standardized method used to describe the
extent and spread of cancer. ‘T’ refers to the size and extent of the primary tumor, while ‘M’
indicates the presence of distant metastasis. The ‘N’ specifically evaluates whether the
cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, which is a critical factor in determining
prognosis.
5. Which immunoglobulin is the most abundant in the blood and is the only one capable of
crossing the placenta to provide passive immunity to the fetus?
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgA
D. IgE
Correct Answer: A
Immunity and Cancer Biology Q&A with
Rationale | William Paterson University
1. Which component of the immune system provides a fast, non-specific response to
pathogens and does not result in long-term memory?
A. Innate immunity
B. Humoral immunity
C. Adaptive immunity
D. Cell-mediated immunity
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Innate immunity represents the first line of defense against infection
and is present at birth. It involves physical barriers like the skin and cells such as
neutrophils and macrophages that act immediately. Unlike adaptive immunity, it does not
require prior exposure and lacks the ability to ‘remember’ specific pathogens for future
encounters.
2. A patient experiences an immediate allergic reaction after being stung by a bee. This is an
example of which type of hypersensitivity?
A. Type IV Hypersensitivity
B. Type II Hypersensitivity
,C. Type III Hypersensitivity
D. Type I Hypersensitivity
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity is an IgE-mediated reaction that occurs
almost immediately after exposure to an allergen. This involves the degranulation of mast
cells and the release of histamine, which leads to symptoms like vasodilation and edema.
Common examples include hay fever, asthma, and systemic anaphylaxis.
3. Which tumor suppressor gene is often referred to as the ‘guardian of the genome’ because
it induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to DNA damage?
A. p53
B. RAS
C. HER2/neu
D. MYC
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The p53 gene monitors the integrity of DNA during the cell cycle and
triggers repair mechanisms when damage is found. If the DNA damage is too severe to be
fixed, p53 initiates programmed cell death, or apoptosis. Mutations in this gene are found
in more than half of all human cancers, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation.
, 4. In the TNM staging system, what does the ‘N’ represent?
A. Neoplastic growth rate
B. Necrosis within the tumor
C. Involvement of regional lymph nodes
D. Number of tumors present
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: The TNM system is a standardized method used to describe the
extent and spread of cancer. ‘T’ refers to the size and extent of the primary tumor, while ‘M’
indicates the presence of distant metastasis. The ‘N’ specifically evaluates whether the
cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, which is a critical factor in determining
prognosis.
5. Which immunoglobulin is the most abundant in the blood and is the only one capable of
crossing the placenta to provide passive immunity to the fetus?
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgA
D. IgE
Correct Answer: A
