NUR 1172/NUR1172 Exam 4 V2 |
Nutritional Principles in Nursing Q&A with
Rationale | Rasmussen University
1. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN). Which of the
following is the priority assessment to prevent complications related to glucose metabolism?
A. Check blood glucose every 4 to 6 hours
B. Assess the infusion site for signs of infection
C. Monitor serum electrolyte levels daily
D. Measure the patient’s daily weight
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: TPN contains a high concentration of dextrose which increases the
risk of hyperglycemia. Frequent blood glucose monitoring is essential to ensure the body is
tolerating the glucose load. If hyperglycemia occurs, the nurse may need to collaborate with
the provider to adjust insulin or the infusion rate.
2. Which dietary instruction is most appropriate for a patient newly diagnosed with Celiac
disease?
A. Increase intake of whole wheat bread
B. Avoid foods containing barley, rye, and wheat
C. Restrict intake of dairy and citrus fruits
,D. Maintain a low-protein, high-fat diet
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of
gluten leads to damage in the small intestine. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley,
and rye. Adhering to a strict gluten-free diet is the only effective treatment for managing
symptoms and preventing intestinal damage.
3. A patient with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is prescribed a phosphorus-restricted diet.
Which food should the nurse advise the patient to avoid?
A. Fresh apples
B. White rice
C. Dairy products like milk and cheese
D. Green beans
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Dairy products are high in phosphorus, which kidneys with CKD
cannot filter effectively. High phosphorus levels can lead to bone disease and calcification
of blood vessels. Patients are often encouraged to limit dairy and take phosphate binders
with meals to control levels.
4. A nurse is teaching a patient about a low-sodium diet to manage hypertension. Which of
the following food choices indicates the patient understands the teaching?
A. Canned vegetable soup
, B. Frozen pepperoni pizza
C. Cottage cheese and pickles
D. Fresh turkey breast with herbs
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Fresh meats and herbs are naturally low in sodium compared to
processed or canned alternatives. Canned soups, pickles, and frozen pizzas are typically
high in added salt for preservation and flavor. Lowering sodium intake helps reduce fluid
retention and decreases blood pressure in hypertensive patients.
5. When educating a patient on Warfarin (Coumadin), the nurse should emphasize consistent
intake of which vitamin?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin K
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a major role in blood
clotting. Warfarin works by antagonizing Vitamin K, so a sudden increase or decrease in
Vitamin K intake can change the drug’s effectiveness. Patients do not need to avoid Vitamin
Nutritional Principles in Nursing Q&A with
Rationale | Rasmussen University
1. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN). Which of the
following is the priority assessment to prevent complications related to glucose metabolism?
A. Check blood glucose every 4 to 6 hours
B. Assess the infusion site for signs of infection
C. Monitor serum electrolyte levels daily
D. Measure the patient’s daily weight
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: TPN contains a high concentration of dextrose which increases the
risk of hyperglycemia. Frequent blood glucose monitoring is essential to ensure the body is
tolerating the glucose load. If hyperglycemia occurs, the nurse may need to collaborate with
the provider to adjust insulin or the infusion rate.
2. Which dietary instruction is most appropriate for a patient newly diagnosed with Celiac
disease?
A. Increase intake of whole wheat bread
B. Avoid foods containing barley, rye, and wheat
C. Restrict intake of dairy and citrus fruits
,D. Maintain a low-protein, high-fat diet
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of
gluten leads to damage in the small intestine. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley,
and rye. Adhering to a strict gluten-free diet is the only effective treatment for managing
symptoms and preventing intestinal damage.
3. A patient with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is prescribed a phosphorus-restricted diet.
Which food should the nurse advise the patient to avoid?
A. Fresh apples
B. White rice
C. Dairy products like milk and cheese
D. Green beans
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Dairy products are high in phosphorus, which kidneys with CKD
cannot filter effectively. High phosphorus levels can lead to bone disease and calcification
of blood vessels. Patients are often encouraged to limit dairy and take phosphate binders
with meals to control levels.
4. A nurse is teaching a patient about a low-sodium diet to manage hypertension. Which of
the following food choices indicates the patient understands the teaching?
A. Canned vegetable soup
, B. Frozen pepperoni pizza
C. Cottage cheese and pickles
D. Fresh turkey breast with herbs
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Fresh meats and herbs are naturally low in sodium compared to
processed or canned alternatives. Canned soups, pickles, and frozen pizzas are typically
high in added salt for preservation and flavor. Lowering sodium intake helps reduce fluid
retention and decreases blood pressure in hypertensive patients.
5. When educating a patient on Warfarin (Coumadin), the nurse should emphasize consistent
intake of which vitamin?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin K
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a major role in blood
clotting. Warfarin works by antagonizing Vitamin K, so a sudden increase or decrease in
Vitamin K intake can change the drug’s effectiveness. Patients do not need to avoid Vitamin
