NUR 1172/NUR1172 Exam 3 V2 |
Nutritional Principles in Nursing Q&A with
Rationale | Rasmussen University
1. A nurse is caring for a client receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) via a central line.
Which of the following laboratory values is the priority for the nurse to monitor?
A. Blood glucose
B. Serum albumin
C. Serum creatinine
D. Hemoglobin
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: TPN contains high concentrations of dextrose, which places the client
at significant risk for hyperglycemia. The nurse must perform fingerstick blood glucose
checks typically every 6 hours to ensure stability. Abrupt changes in glucose levels can lead
to serious metabolic complications during TPN therapy.
2. A client with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Stage 4 is discussing dietary restrictions with the
nurse. Which food choice indicates the client understands a low-potassium diet?
A. Applesauce
B. Fresh orange juice
C. Baked potato with skin
,D. Spinach salad
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Applesauce is considered a low-potassium fruit choice suitable for
clients with renal failure. In contrast, potatoes, oranges, and spinach are all high-potassium
foods that can lead to hyperkalemia in CKD patients. Maintaining low potassium levels is
critical to preventing cardiac arrhythmias in this population.
3. A nurse is providing teaching to a pregnant client about neural tube defect prevention.
Which nutrient should the nurse emphasize?
A. Vitamin B12
B. Folic acid
C. Vitamin C
D. Calcium
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Folic acid is essential during the early stages of pregnancy to ensure
proper development of the fetal neural tube. A deficiency in this B-vitamin can lead to
defects such as spina bifida or anencephaly. The CDC recommends all women of
childbearing age consume 400 mcg of folic acid daily.
4. Which of the following findings should a nurse expect in a client diagnosed with Anorexia
Nervosa?
A. Tachycardia
, B. Lanugo
C. Hypertension
D. Hyperthermia
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Lanugo is the growth of fine, downy hair on the body as a
physiological response to extreme weight loss and lack of subcutaneous fat. It serves as an
insulating mechanism to help the body maintain heat when fat stores are depleted. Other
common signs include bradycardia, hypotension, and cold intolerance.
5. A client is prescribed a clear liquid diet post-operatively. Which item is appropriate for the
nurse to provide?
A. Orange juice with pulp
B. Apple juice
C. Vanilla ice cream
D. Sherbet
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Apple juice is a clear liquid because it is transparent and liquid at
room temperature. Clear liquid diets are designed to be easily digested and leave minimal
residue in the gastrointestinal tract. Items like ice cream and pulp-filled juices are
considered part of a full liquid diet, not a clear liquid diet.
Nutritional Principles in Nursing Q&A with
Rationale | Rasmussen University
1. A nurse is caring for a client receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) via a central line.
Which of the following laboratory values is the priority for the nurse to monitor?
A. Blood glucose
B. Serum albumin
C. Serum creatinine
D. Hemoglobin
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: TPN contains high concentrations of dextrose, which places the client
at significant risk for hyperglycemia. The nurse must perform fingerstick blood glucose
checks typically every 6 hours to ensure stability. Abrupt changes in glucose levels can lead
to serious metabolic complications during TPN therapy.
2. A client with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Stage 4 is discussing dietary restrictions with the
nurse. Which food choice indicates the client understands a low-potassium diet?
A. Applesauce
B. Fresh orange juice
C. Baked potato with skin
,D. Spinach salad
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Applesauce is considered a low-potassium fruit choice suitable for
clients with renal failure. In contrast, potatoes, oranges, and spinach are all high-potassium
foods that can lead to hyperkalemia in CKD patients. Maintaining low potassium levels is
critical to preventing cardiac arrhythmias in this population.
3. A nurse is providing teaching to a pregnant client about neural tube defect prevention.
Which nutrient should the nurse emphasize?
A. Vitamin B12
B. Folic acid
C. Vitamin C
D. Calcium
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Folic acid is essential during the early stages of pregnancy to ensure
proper development of the fetal neural tube. A deficiency in this B-vitamin can lead to
defects such as spina bifida or anencephaly. The CDC recommends all women of
childbearing age consume 400 mcg of folic acid daily.
4. Which of the following findings should a nurse expect in a client diagnosed with Anorexia
Nervosa?
A. Tachycardia
, B. Lanugo
C. Hypertension
D. Hyperthermia
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Lanugo is the growth of fine, downy hair on the body as a
physiological response to extreme weight loss and lack of subcutaneous fat. It serves as an
insulating mechanism to help the body maintain heat when fat stores are depleted. Other
common signs include bradycardia, hypotension, and cold intolerance.
5. A client is prescribed a clear liquid diet post-operatively. Which item is appropriate for the
nurse to provide?
A. Orange juice with pulp
B. Apple juice
C. Vanilla ice cream
D. Sherbet
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Apple juice is a clear liquid because it is transparent and liquid at
room temperature. Clear liquid diets are designed to be easily digested and leave minimal
residue in the gastrointestinal tract. Items like ice cream and pulp-filled juices are
considered part of a full liquid diet, not a clear liquid diet.
