NUR 1172/NUR1172 Exam 2 V1 |
Nutritional Principles in Nursing Q&A with
Rationale | Rasmussen University
1. Which of the following is considered a complete protein source?
A. Whole grain bread
B. Lentils and beans
C. Quinoa
D. Peanut butter
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Quinoa is one of the few plant-based foods that contains all nine
essential amino acids that the body cannot make on its own. Most other plant proteins are
considered incomplete because they lack one or more of these essential building blocks.
Consuming a variety of incomplete proteins throughout the day can also meet protein
needs in vegetarian diets.
2. A nurse is educating a patient on a clear liquid diet. Which item is permitted?
A. Vanilla pudding
B. Orange juice with pulp
C. Apple juice
D. Low-fat yogurt
,Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: A clear liquid diet consists of fluids that are transparent and liquid at
body temperature. Apple juice is allowed because it is clear and does not contain pulp or
milk solids. Items like pudding and yogurt are part of a full liquid diet rather than a clear
liquid diet.
3. Which vitamin deficiency is most commonly associated with a vegan diet?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin E
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal products such as meat,
dairy, and eggs. Because vegans avoid all animal-derived foods, they are at a high risk for
deficiency unless they consume fortified foods or supplements. Chronic B12 deficiency can
lead to irreversible neurological damage and pernicious anemia.
4. What is the primary site of nutrient absorption in the human body?
A. Stomach
B. Small intestine
C. Large intestine
, D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: The small intestine is the main site for the chemical digestion and
absorption of nutrients through its vast surface area of villi and microvilli. While the
stomach begins protein digestion, very few nutrients are actually absorbed there. The large
intestine is primarily responsible for water and electrolyte absorption and the formation of
waste.
5. Which mineral is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones?
A. Iron
B. Iodine
C. Zinc
D. Magnesium
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Iodine is a trace mineral that the thyroid gland uses to produce
thyroxine and triiodothyronine. These hormones are critical for regulating the body’s
metabolic rate, growth, and development. A lack of iodine in the diet can lead to the
formation of a goiter or hypothyroidism.
6. A patient with hypertension is encouraged to follow the DASH diet. Which food should
they limit?
A. Canned soup
Nutritional Principles in Nursing Q&A with
Rationale | Rasmussen University
1. Which of the following is considered a complete protein source?
A. Whole grain bread
B. Lentils and beans
C. Quinoa
D. Peanut butter
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Quinoa is one of the few plant-based foods that contains all nine
essential amino acids that the body cannot make on its own. Most other plant proteins are
considered incomplete because they lack one or more of these essential building blocks.
Consuming a variety of incomplete proteins throughout the day can also meet protein
needs in vegetarian diets.
2. A nurse is educating a patient on a clear liquid diet. Which item is permitted?
A. Vanilla pudding
B. Orange juice with pulp
C. Apple juice
D. Low-fat yogurt
,Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: A clear liquid diet consists of fluids that are transparent and liquid at
body temperature. Apple juice is allowed because it is clear and does not contain pulp or
milk solids. Items like pudding and yogurt are part of a full liquid diet rather than a clear
liquid diet.
3. Which vitamin deficiency is most commonly associated with a vegan diet?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin E
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal products such as meat,
dairy, and eggs. Because vegans avoid all animal-derived foods, they are at a high risk for
deficiency unless they consume fortified foods or supplements. Chronic B12 deficiency can
lead to irreversible neurological damage and pernicious anemia.
4. What is the primary site of nutrient absorption in the human body?
A. Stomach
B. Small intestine
C. Large intestine
, D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: The small intestine is the main site for the chemical digestion and
absorption of nutrients through its vast surface area of villi and microvilli. While the
stomach begins protein digestion, very few nutrients are actually absorbed there. The large
intestine is primarily responsible for water and electrolyte absorption and the formation of
waste.
5. Which mineral is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones?
A. Iron
B. Iodine
C. Zinc
D. Magnesium
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Iodine is a trace mineral that the thyroid gland uses to produce
thyroxine and triiodothyronine. These hormones are critical for regulating the body’s
metabolic rate, growth, and development. A lack of iodine in the diet can lead to the
formation of a goiter or hypothyroidism.
6. A patient with hypertension is encouraged to follow the DASH diet. Which food should
they limit?
A. Canned soup
