NUR 1172/NUR1172 Exam 1 V2 |
Nutritional Principles in Nursing Q&A with
Rationale | Rasmussen University
1. Which macronutrient is the body’s primary and preferred source of energy for the brain
and central nervous system?
A. Proteins
B. Carbohydrates
C. Lipids
D. Vitamins
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Carbohydrates are the body’s most efficient fuel source, providing 4
calories per gram. Glucose, the simplest form of carbohydrate, is essential for optimal brain
function. When carbohydrate intake is insufficient, the body may enter a state of ketosis to
find alternative fuel.
2. A patient is recovering from a major surgical procedure. Which nutrient should the nurse
emphasize to promote tissue repair and wound healing?
A. Proteins
B. Saturated fats
C. Dietary fiber
,D. Simple sugars
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Proteins provide the amino acids necessary for the growth and
maintenance of body tissues. During the post-operative period, the demand for protein
increases to facilitate the repair of damaged cells. Insufficient protein intake can lead to
delayed wound healing and increased risk of infection.
3. According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, what is the recommended percentage
of total daily calories that should come from fat?
A. 20% to 35%
B. 10% to 15%
C. 45% to 65%
D. 50% to 70%
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for fat is
established at 20% to 35% of total energy intake. This range allows for adequate intake of
essential fatty acids while limiting saturated and trans fats. Consuming fats within this
range supports heart health and vitamin absorption.
4. Which of the following describes ‘incomplete proteins’?
A. Proteins that contain all nine essential amino acids
, B. Proteins derived primarily from animal sources
C. Proteins that cannot be digested by humans
D. Proteins lacking one or more of the essential amino acids
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Incomplete proteins are generally plant-based sources that do not
provide all essential amino acids in sufficient quantities. Examples include grains, legumes,
and nuts. To obtain all necessary amino acids, vegetarians often combine different plant
sources, known as complementary proteins.
5. A nurse is teaching a patient about fat-soluble vitamins. Which of the following vitamins
should be included in this group?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin A, D, E, and K
C. B-complex vitamins
D. Folate and Biotin
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Vitamins A, D, E, and K are stored in the body’s fatty tissue and liver.
Because they are stored, excessive intake can lead to toxicity, unlike water-soluble
vitamins. These vitamins require dietary fat for proper absorption in the digestive tract.
Nutritional Principles in Nursing Q&A with
Rationale | Rasmussen University
1. Which macronutrient is the body’s primary and preferred source of energy for the brain
and central nervous system?
A. Proteins
B. Carbohydrates
C. Lipids
D. Vitamins
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Carbohydrates are the body’s most efficient fuel source, providing 4
calories per gram. Glucose, the simplest form of carbohydrate, is essential for optimal brain
function. When carbohydrate intake is insufficient, the body may enter a state of ketosis to
find alternative fuel.
2. A patient is recovering from a major surgical procedure. Which nutrient should the nurse
emphasize to promote tissue repair and wound healing?
A. Proteins
B. Saturated fats
C. Dietary fiber
,D. Simple sugars
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Proteins provide the amino acids necessary for the growth and
maintenance of body tissues. During the post-operative period, the demand for protein
increases to facilitate the repair of damaged cells. Insufficient protein intake can lead to
delayed wound healing and increased risk of infection.
3. According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, what is the recommended percentage
of total daily calories that should come from fat?
A. 20% to 35%
B. 10% to 15%
C. 45% to 65%
D. 50% to 70%
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for fat is
established at 20% to 35% of total energy intake. This range allows for adequate intake of
essential fatty acids while limiting saturated and trans fats. Consuming fats within this
range supports heart health and vitamin absorption.
4. Which of the following describes ‘incomplete proteins’?
A. Proteins that contain all nine essential amino acids
, B. Proteins derived primarily from animal sources
C. Proteins that cannot be digested by humans
D. Proteins lacking one or more of the essential amino acids
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Incomplete proteins are generally plant-based sources that do not
provide all essential amino acids in sufficient quantities. Examples include grains, legumes,
and nuts. To obtain all necessary amino acids, vegetarians often combine different plant
sources, known as complementary proteins.
5. A nurse is teaching a patient about fat-soluble vitamins. Which of the following vitamins
should be included in this group?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin A, D, E, and K
C. B-complex vitamins
D. Folate and Biotin
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Vitamins A, D, E, and K are stored in the body’s fatty tissue and liver.
Because they are stored, excessive intake can lead to toxicity, unlike water-soluble
vitamins. These vitamins require dietary fat for proper absorption in the digestive tract.
