NURSING FINAL STUDY GRADED EXAM
GRADED A+ SUCCESS ASSUARED
Week 1
Study Questions:
❖ What are the characteristics of a profession?
a. Education takes place in a college or university.
b. Education is prolonged
c. Work involves mental creativity
d. Decision making is based largely on evidence-based practice.
e. Values, beliefs and ethics are an integral part of preparation.
f. Commitment and personal identification are strong.
g. Workers are autonomous.
h. People are unlikely to change professions.
PR
i. Commitment transcends material reward.
j. Accountability rests with the individual.
❖ How are professions different from occupations? The following are characteristics of
an occupation that may be directly compared to the previous list.
a. Training is usually on the job.
O
b. Length of training varies.
c. Work is largely manual.
d. Decision making is largely guided by experience or trial by error.
FD
e. Values, belief and ethics are not prominent.
f. Commitment and personal identification vary.
g. Workers are supervised.
h. People often change jobs.
i. Material reward is the main motivation.
O
j. Accountability rests primarily with the employer.
❖ What is nursing’s social contract?
C
Social contracts are the mechanisms by which society legitimizes professions and grants
them authority and autonomy to carry out their functions. The nursing profession is
currently renegotiating its contract with society in a manner which clearly reflects a
change from physician dominance, and emphasis on ‘illness care’ to increased
independent and autonomous functioning within a newly developing framework of
nursing science which emphasizes ‘health care’.
* Nurses' relationship with society and nurse’s obligation to those who receive
professional nursing care.
1
, 2023 NURSING FINAL STUDY GRADED EXAM
GRADED A+ SUCCESS ASSUARED
❖ What is the role of the American Nurses Association in advancing the
profession’s objectives?
ANA is the official voice of nursing and therefore is the primary advocate for nursing
interests in general. ANA encourages and supports high standards of practice.
❖ What are the main recommendations of the IOM Report on the Future of Nursing
in terms of the educational composition of the nurse workforce?
Remove scope of practice barriers - Advanced practice registered nurses should be
able to practice to the full extent of their education and training.
Expand opportunities for nurses to lead and diffuse collaborative improvement efforts
- Expand opportunities for nurses to lead and manage collaborative efforts with
PR
physicians and other members of the health care team to conduct research and to
redesign and improve practice environments and health systems.
Implement nurse residency programs - Completion of a transition-to-practice program
(nurse residency) after completion of a pre licensure or advanced practice degree
program or when they are transitioning into new clinical practice areas.
O
Increase proportion of nurses with BSN from 50% to 80% by 2020 - Increase the
diversity of students to create a workforce prepared to meet the demands of diverse
FD
populations across the lifespan.
Double number of nurses with doctorate by 2020 - This will add to the cadre of nurse
faculty and researchers, with attention to increasing diversity.
O
Ensure that nurses engage in lifelong learning - Ensure that nurses and nursing
students and faculty continue their education and engage in lifelong learning to
gain the competencies needed to provide care for diverse populations across
C
the
lifespan.
Prepare and enable nurses to lead change to advance health - Prepare the nursing
workforce to assume leadership positions across all levels.
Build an infrastructure for the collection and analysis of interprofessional health
care workforce data - Effort to improve research and the collection and analysis of
data on health care workforce requirements.
Week 2
Study Questions:
2
,2023 NURSING FINAL STUDY GRADED EXAM
GRADED A+ SUCCESS ASSUARED
❖ What are the differences between for-profit, not-for-profit and government
ownership of hospitals and other delivery organizations?
Not-for-profit agency is one that uses profits to pay personnel, improve services, advertise
services, provide educational programs, or otherwise contribute to the mission of the agency.
For-profit agencies distribute profits earned to partners or shareholders. Voluntary (private)
agency gets its support generally through private donations. Non-governmental organization
(NGO) is an association of citizens that operates independently of the government with the
goal to deliver resources or serve a social or political purpose (example: MSF). Governmental
(public) agencies contribute to the health and well-being of US citizens. Primarily supported by
taxes, administered by elected or appointed officials, and tailored to the needs of the public.
❖ What is the role of safety net hospitals in the United States?
PR
A safety net hospital or health system provides a significant level of care to low-income,
uninsured, and vulnerable populations. Safety net hospitals are not necessarily distinguished
from other providers by ownership – some are publicly owned and operated by local or state
governments and some are non-profit. Rather, they are distinguished by their
commitment to provide access to care for people with limited or no access to health care due
O
to their financial circumstances, insurance status, or health condition.
❖ What are the differences in the complexity of care among primary, secondary,
FD
tertiary and sub-acute services? What types of services would you expect to
encounter at each of these levels of care?
• Primary care is rendered at the point at which a patient first enters the health care system.
Primary health care maintenance, management of long-term and chronic conditions,
O
treatment of temporary health problems that do not require hospitalization.
• Secondary care involves the prevention of complications from disease. Allows patients to
keep out of the hospital while managing their disease. (home health agencies, surgical centers,
C
ambulatory care agencies).
• Tertiary care is provided to acutely ill patients, to those requiring long-term care, to those
needing rehabilitation services, and to terminally ill patients. Usually involves many
health care professionals working as a team to provide care. (trauma centers, burn centers,
skilled nursing long term care).
• Subacute care (emerged in the 1990s) is impatient care that lies between hospital care
and long-term care. Provides lower cost care to acutely ill patients until stabilized. Creates a
seamless transition through the health care system.
❖ How is healthcare financed (paid for) in the United States?
a. Private Insurance - Premiums are paid to allow for health care benefits.
b. Medicare - Nationwide federal health insurance program available to
people over the age of 65, regardless of income.
3
, 2023 NURSING FINAL STUDY GRADED EXAM
GRADED A+ SUCCESS ASSUARED
c. Medicaid - Jointly federal-state funded programs for low-income, elderly,
blind and disabled individuals.
d. Personal Payment - Out-of-Pocket Payment - “Straight up Benjamins, Yo.”
❖ What are the key provisions of the Affordable Care Act of 2010?
a. Providing insurance options, covering preventive services, and lowering cost.
b. Coverage available to children up to age 26.
c. Yearly wellness visit and many free preventive services for some seniors with
Medicare.
d. Insurers must justify any premium increase of 10% or more before the rate
takes effect.
e. Putting information for consumers online.
f. Prohibiting Denying Coverage of Children Based on Pre-Existing Conditions.
PR
g. Prohibiting Insurance Companies from Rescinding Coverage (companies
cannot use application errors to deny coverage).
h. Eliminating Lifetime Limits on Insurance Coverage.
i. Provides consumers a way to appeal Insurance Company Decisions.
j. Establishing Consumer Assistance Programs in the States.
k. Providing Small Business Health Insurance Tax Credits.
O
l. Cracking Down on Health Care Fraud.
m. Holding Insurance Companies Accountable for Unreasonable Rate Hikes.
n. Increasing Payments for Rural Health Care Providers.
FD
o. Strengthening Community Health Centers.
❖ What is the role of states/state governors in implementing the Affordable Care Act
of 2010?
The governors need to decide whether or not expand the Medicaid program in their
O
state. States that are expanding Medicaid will have larger gains in insurance coverage
than those states that do not and will see very large reductions in the number of
uninsured. Those states that have not expanded Medicaid will see less impact on the
C
uninsured. These states have more uninsured to begin with, thus current disparities in
coverage will increase, at least in the early years.
❖ What is the role of the Joint Commission in the healthcare sector?
One of the two accrediting not-for-profit agencies approved by the CMS. JC serves as the
nation’s predominant stand-setting and accrediting body on health care. The goal of
accreditation is to improve patient outcomes.
❖ What is the difference between fee-for-service and managed care payment?
● Under the fee-for-service method, doctors and hospitals got paid for each
service they performed. There were no limits on their treatment decisions;
doctors or hospitals could order as many tests as they felt necessary. patients
did not always
4
GRADED A+ SUCCESS ASSUARED
Week 1
Study Questions:
❖ What are the characteristics of a profession?
a. Education takes place in a college or university.
b. Education is prolonged
c. Work involves mental creativity
d. Decision making is based largely on evidence-based practice.
e. Values, beliefs and ethics are an integral part of preparation.
f. Commitment and personal identification are strong.
g. Workers are autonomous.
h. People are unlikely to change professions.
PR
i. Commitment transcends material reward.
j. Accountability rests with the individual.
❖ How are professions different from occupations? The following are characteristics of
an occupation that may be directly compared to the previous list.
a. Training is usually on the job.
O
b. Length of training varies.
c. Work is largely manual.
d. Decision making is largely guided by experience or trial by error.
FD
e. Values, belief and ethics are not prominent.
f. Commitment and personal identification vary.
g. Workers are supervised.
h. People often change jobs.
i. Material reward is the main motivation.
O
j. Accountability rests primarily with the employer.
❖ What is nursing’s social contract?
C
Social contracts are the mechanisms by which society legitimizes professions and grants
them authority and autonomy to carry out their functions. The nursing profession is
currently renegotiating its contract with society in a manner which clearly reflects a
change from physician dominance, and emphasis on ‘illness care’ to increased
independent and autonomous functioning within a newly developing framework of
nursing science which emphasizes ‘health care’.
* Nurses' relationship with society and nurse’s obligation to those who receive
professional nursing care.
1
, 2023 NURSING FINAL STUDY GRADED EXAM
GRADED A+ SUCCESS ASSUARED
❖ What is the role of the American Nurses Association in advancing the
profession’s objectives?
ANA is the official voice of nursing and therefore is the primary advocate for nursing
interests in general. ANA encourages and supports high standards of practice.
❖ What are the main recommendations of the IOM Report on the Future of Nursing
in terms of the educational composition of the nurse workforce?
Remove scope of practice barriers - Advanced practice registered nurses should be
able to practice to the full extent of their education and training.
Expand opportunities for nurses to lead and diffuse collaborative improvement efforts
- Expand opportunities for nurses to lead and manage collaborative efforts with
PR
physicians and other members of the health care team to conduct research and to
redesign and improve practice environments and health systems.
Implement nurse residency programs - Completion of a transition-to-practice program
(nurse residency) after completion of a pre licensure or advanced practice degree
program or when they are transitioning into new clinical practice areas.
O
Increase proportion of nurses with BSN from 50% to 80% by 2020 - Increase the
diversity of students to create a workforce prepared to meet the demands of diverse
FD
populations across the lifespan.
Double number of nurses with doctorate by 2020 - This will add to the cadre of nurse
faculty and researchers, with attention to increasing diversity.
O
Ensure that nurses engage in lifelong learning - Ensure that nurses and nursing
students and faculty continue their education and engage in lifelong learning to
gain the competencies needed to provide care for diverse populations across
C
the
lifespan.
Prepare and enable nurses to lead change to advance health - Prepare the nursing
workforce to assume leadership positions across all levels.
Build an infrastructure for the collection and analysis of interprofessional health
care workforce data - Effort to improve research and the collection and analysis of
data on health care workforce requirements.
Week 2
Study Questions:
2
,2023 NURSING FINAL STUDY GRADED EXAM
GRADED A+ SUCCESS ASSUARED
❖ What are the differences between for-profit, not-for-profit and government
ownership of hospitals and other delivery organizations?
Not-for-profit agency is one that uses profits to pay personnel, improve services, advertise
services, provide educational programs, or otherwise contribute to the mission of the agency.
For-profit agencies distribute profits earned to partners or shareholders. Voluntary (private)
agency gets its support generally through private donations. Non-governmental organization
(NGO) is an association of citizens that operates independently of the government with the
goal to deliver resources or serve a social or political purpose (example: MSF). Governmental
(public) agencies contribute to the health and well-being of US citizens. Primarily supported by
taxes, administered by elected or appointed officials, and tailored to the needs of the public.
❖ What is the role of safety net hospitals in the United States?
PR
A safety net hospital or health system provides a significant level of care to low-income,
uninsured, and vulnerable populations. Safety net hospitals are not necessarily distinguished
from other providers by ownership – some are publicly owned and operated by local or state
governments and some are non-profit. Rather, they are distinguished by their
commitment to provide access to care for people with limited or no access to health care due
O
to their financial circumstances, insurance status, or health condition.
❖ What are the differences in the complexity of care among primary, secondary,
FD
tertiary and sub-acute services? What types of services would you expect to
encounter at each of these levels of care?
• Primary care is rendered at the point at which a patient first enters the health care system.
Primary health care maintenance, management of long-term and chronic conditions,
O
treatment of temporary health problems that do not require hospitalization.
• Secondary care involves the prevention of complications from disease. Allows patients to
keep out of the hospital while managing their disease. (home health agencies, surgical centers,
C
ambulatory care agencies).
• Tertiary care is provided to acutely ill patients, to those requiring long-term care, to those
needing rehabilitation services, and to terminally ill patients. Usually involves many
health care professionals working as a team to provide care. (trauma centers, burn centers,
skilled nursing long term care).
• Subacute care (emerged in the 1990s) is impatient care that lies between hospital care
and long-term care. Provides lower cost care to acutely ill patients until stabilized. Creates a
seamless transition through the health care system.
❖ How is healthcare financed (paid for) in the United States?
a. Private Insurance - Premiums are paid to allow for health care benefits.
b. Medicare - Nationwide federal health insurance program available to
people over the age of 65, regardless of income.
3
, 2023 NURSING FINAL STUDY GRADED EXAM
GRADED A+ SUCCESS ASSUARED
c. Medicaid - Jointly federal-state funded programs for low-income, elderly,
blind and disabled individuals.
d. Personal Payment - Out-of-Pocket Payment - “Straight up Benjamins, Yo.”
❖ What are the key provisions of the Affordable Care Act of 2010?
a. Providing insurance options, covering preventive services, and lowering cost.
b. Coverage available to children up to age 26.
c. Yearly wellness visit and many free preventive services for some seniors with
Medicare.
d. Insurers must justify any premium increase of 10% or more before the rate
takes effect.
e. Putting information for consumers online.
f. Prohibiting Denying Coverage of Children Based on Pre-Existing Conditions.
PR
g. Prohibiting Insurance Companies from Rescinding Coverage (companies
cannot use application errors to deny coverage).
h. Eliminating Lifetime Limits on Insurance Coverage.
i. Provides consumers a way to appeal Insurance Company Decisions.
j. Establishing Consumer Assistance Programs in the States.
k. Providing Small Business Health Insurance Tax Credits.
O
l. Cracking Down on Health Care Fraud.
m. Holding Insurance Companies Accountable for Unreasonable Rate Hikes.
n. Increasing Payments for Rural Health Care Providers.
FD
o. Strengthening Community Health Centers.
❖ What is the role of states/state governors in implementing the Affordable Care Act
of 2010?
The governors need to decide whether or not expand the Medicaid program in their
O
state. States that are expanding Medicaid will have larger gains in insurance coverage
than those states that do not and will see very large reductions in the number of
uninsured. Those states that have not expanded Medicaid will see less impact on the
C
uninsured. These states have more uninsured to begin with, thus current disparities in
coverage will increase, at least in the early years.
❖ What is the role of the Joint Commission in the healthcare sector?
One of the two accrediting not-for-profit agencies approved by the CMS. JC serves as the
nation’s predominant stand-setting and accrediting body on health care. The goal of
accreditation is to improve patient outcomes.
❖ What is the difference between fee-for-service and managed care payment?
● Under the fee-for-service method, doctors and hospitals got paid for each
service they performed. There were no limits on their treatment decisions;
doctors or hospitals could order as many tests as they felt necessary. patients
did not always
4
