Chromatin remodeling complexes
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harness the energy in ATP to reshape the chromatin
slide along the DNA, or, in some cases, knock the histones completely off
DNA to open stretches of chromatin and allow gene transcription
Allows for the TATA binding box to be exposed and the TATA binding
protein can come in and bind
Gene expression in Eukaryotes
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1. Chromatin remodeling (slow, energetically efficient)
2. Transcriptional control
3. RNA processing
4. mRNA stability
, 5. Transitional control
6. Post-translational control (fast, energetically efficient)
Wild Type cell
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A cell that currently does not have any mutations
Interpretation of these results (one gene, one enzyme)
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If a cell is lacking an enzyme in a metabolic pathway, and you supply it with
the protein that it was supposed to code for or any product that occurs
later in the pathway, then the cell can grow, if you supply it with either an
enzyme or a product that was used previously in the pathway, it will not
grow
How to get RNA Polymerase to initiate transcription
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Requires interactions between many proteins, including transcriptional
activator that are bound to enhancers and promoter proximal elements,
mediator, basal transcription factors, and RNA Polymerase itself
, Nucleosome
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Double stranded DNA wrapped around 8 histone proteins that are
positively charged
DNA's natural state
There are multiple nucleosomes connected with linker DNA
Amino Acid classifications
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1. Polar
2. Non-polar
3. Positively charged
4. Negatively charged
If you change an amino acid to a different classification, this has a much
larger impact than just changing the amino acid to a different amino acid
within the same classification
Not all mutations are deletarious, some are neutral and some are beneficial
and natural selection can act on this variation
Histone modification
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Give this one a try later!
harness the energy in ATP to reshape the chromatin
slide along the DNA, or, in some cases, knock the histones completely off
DNA to open stretches of chromatin and allow gene transcription
Allows for the TATA binding box to be exposed and the TATA binding
protein can come in and bind
Gene expression in Eukaryotes
Give this one a try later!
1. Chromatin remodeling (slow, energetically efficient)
2. Transcriptional control
3. RNA processing
4. mRNA stability
, 5. Transitional control
6. Post-translational control (fast, energetically efficient)
Wild Type cell
Give this one a try later!
A cell that currently does not have any mutations
Interpretation of these results (one gene, one enzyme)
Give this one a try later!
If a cell is lacking an enzyme in a metabolic pathway, and you supply it with
the protein that it was supposed to code for or any product that occurs
later in the pathway, then the cell can grow, if you supply it with either an
enzyme or a product that was used previously in the pathway, it will not
grow
How to get RNA Polymerase to initiate transcription
Give this one a try later!
Requires interactions between many proteins, including transcriptional
activator that are bound to enhancers and promoter proximal elements,
mediator, basal transcription factors, and RNA Polymerase itself
, Nucleosome
Give this one a try later!
Double stranded DNA wrapped around 8 histone proteins that are
positively charged
DNA's natural state
There are multiple nucleosomes connected with linker DNA
Amino Acid classifications
Give this one a try later!
1. Polar
2. Non-polar
3. Positively charged
4. Negatively charged
If you change an amino acid to a different classification, this has a much
larger impact than just changing the amino acid to a different amino acid
within the same classification
Not all mutations are deletarious, some are neutral and some are beneficial
and natural selection can act on this variation
Histone modification
Give this one a try later!
