Dural sinuses
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o Dural sinuses = venous channels = drain CSF and
deoxygenated blood from brain's extensive network of
veins
Structural Classification of Neurons 2
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,Nervous Tissue
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The Nervous System includes all neural tissue in the body Neural Tissue
contains two kinds of cells
1. Neurons: cells that send and receive signals
2. Neuroglia (glial cells): cells that support and protect neurons
Electrical signals
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• Neurons are electrically excitable due to the voltage difference across
their membrane
• Communicate with 2 types of electric signals = change in voltage
• Action potentials that can travel long distances = travel down axon
• Graded potentials = are local membrane changes only = usually in the
body. Graded potential are necessary for action potentials to happen.
Graded because it depends on amount of ions entering, exiting or staying
in
• In living cells, a flow of ions occurs through ion channels in the cell
membrane
• Ion channels are present in the plasma membrane of all cells in the body,
but they are an especially prominent component of the nervous system.
Cranial Nerves
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Facial n.(VII) → frontalis, zygomaticus major, orbicularis oris,
orbicularis oculi
Vegas n. (X) → transmits taste, lots of homeostatic functions
= reg. Digestiv func., heart rate, breathing, lungs (prevents
over inflation)
Graded potentials and channels
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Na+ and Ca2+ causes repolarization
Neuroglia - important for neuron function
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Neuroglia preserve physical and biochemical structure of
neural tissue and are essential to survival and function of
neurons
The Spinal Cord
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, o Spinal cord = responsible for both relaying and
processing information:
o Serves as a relay station and as an intermediate point
between body and brain
o Processing station for some less complex activities such
as spinal reflexes
(note: organ regulation)
Inner Ear
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Inner ear is called a labyrinth due to complicated series of canals.
o Outer bony labyrinth = semicircular canals, the vestibule and cochlea =
lined
with periosteum and contains perilymph
o Membranous labyrinth = epithelial sacs and tubes inside the bony
labyrinth=
contains endolymph
o The space between the bony and membranous labyrinth contains
perilymph, the membranous labyrinth has chambers filled with endolymph.
o Perilymph is similar to CSF. Endolymph is high in K+
Spinal nerve pic
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Give this one a try later!
o Dural sinuses = venous channels = drain CSF and
deoxygenated blood from brain's extensive network of
veins
Structural Classification of Neurons 2
Give this one a try later!
,Nervous Tissue
Give this one a try later!
The Nervous System includes all neural tissue in the body Neural Tissue
contains two kinds of cells
1. Neurons: cells that send and receive signals
2. Neuroglia (glial cells): cells that support and protect neurons
Electrical signals
Give this one a try later!
• Neurons are electrically excitable due to the voltage difference across
their membrane
• Communicate with 2 types of electric signals = change in voltage
• Action potentials that can travel long distances = travel down axon
• Graded potentials = are local membrane changes only = usually in the
body. Graded potential are necessary for action potentials to happen.
Graded because it depends on amount of ions entering, exiting or staying
in
• In living cells, a flow of ions occurs through ion channels in the cell
membrane
• Ion channels are present in the plasma membrane of all cells in the body,
but they are an especially prominent component of the nervous system.
Cranial Nerves
,Give this one a try later!
Facial n.(VII) → frontalis, zygomaticus major, orbicularis oris,
orbicularis oculi
Vegas n. (X) → transmits taste, lots of homeostatic functions
= reg. Digestiv func., heart rate, breathing, lungs (prevents
over inflation)
Graded potentials and channels
Give this one a try later!
Na+ and Ca2+ causes repolarization
Neuroglia - important for neuron function
Give this one a try later!
Neuroglia preserve physical and biochemical structure of
neural tissue and are essential to survival and function of
neurons
The Spinal Cord
Give this one a try later!
, o Spinal cord = responsible for both relaying and
processing information:
o Serves as a relay station and as an intermediate point
between body and brain
o Processing station for some less complex activities such
as spinal reflexes
(note: organ regulation)
Inner Ear
Give this one a try later!
Inner ear is called a labyrinth due to complicated series of canals.
o Outer bony labyrinth = semicircular canals, the vestibule and cochlea =
lined
with periosteum and contains perilymph
o Membranous labyrinth = epithelial sacs and tubes inside the bony
labyrinth=
contains endolymph
o The space between the bony and membranous labyrinth contains
perilymph, the membranous labyrinth has chambers filled with endolymph.
o Perilymph is similar to CSF. Endolymph is high in K+
Spinal nerve pic
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