Colorectal Cancer (CRC)
-greater _________ of DNA correlated with CRC and microbiota composition.
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methylation
Human gut microbiome - over __________ species of Bacteria from ______ phyla
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2,000
12
,Physiochemical parameters of GI - pH
-pH - varies fluctuates vertically (1.5-8.5)
-_______ in the oral cavity
-_______ in stomach
-_______ in small intestines
-_______ in ascending & transverse colon
-_______ in rectum
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7
1.5-3.5
8
5.7-7.0
6.7
Obesogenic dysbiosis - increased methanogens results in increased (3)
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1. carb fermentation (removes H2)
2. acetate & butyrate
3. energy harvest
problem with fermentation - ________ _________ still contain energy (e-)
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, waste products
Most of our intestinal microbiota belong to two phyla - what are their names and
gram stains?
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· Firmicutes (Clostridium) - gram-positive
· Bacteroidetes (Bacteroides) - gram-negative
-Fermentation waste - reduced organic compounds & gases
o _______ compounds
o Gases (2)
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2-6 C
CO2 and H2
Does fermentation have a high or low energy (ATP) yield?
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low (need lots of substrate)
, How many total ATP are made from glucose?
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38 ATP
How much of the daily caloric intake of a healthy individual is from the breakdown of
products by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron?
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15-20%
What are the most commonly used probiotic genera? (2)
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Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium
Anxiety and depression
- Long term ingestion of ________ ________ plus ___________ stabilized mood & anxiety
-1 course of antibiotics increases risk of anxiety and increases risk of depression
Give this one a try later!
-greater _________ of DNA correlated with CRC and microbiota composition.
Give this one a try later!
methylation
Human gut microbiome - over __________ species of Bacteria from ______ phyla
Give this one a try later!
2,000
12
,Physiochemical parameters of GI - pH
-pH - varies fluctuates vertically (1.5-8.5)
-_______ in the oral cavity
-_______ in stomach
-_______ in small intestines
-_______ in ascending & transverse colon
-_______ in rectum
Give this one a try later!
7
1.5-3.5
8
5.7-7.0
6.7
Obesogenic dysbiosis - increased methanogens results in increased (3)
Give this one a try later!
1. carb fermentation (removes H2)
2. acetate & butyrate
3. energy harvest
problem with fermentation - ________ _________ still contain energy (e-)
Give this one a try later!
, waste products
Most of our intestinal microbiota belong to two phyla - what are their names and
gram stains?
Give this one a try later!
· Firmicutes (Clostridium) - gram-positive
· Bacteroidetes (Bacteroides) - gram-negative
-Fermentation waste - reduced organic compounds & gases
o _______ compounds
o Gases (2)
Give this one a try later!
2-6 C
CO2 and H2
Does fermentation have a high or low energy (ATP) yield?
Give this one a try later!
low (need lots of substrate)
, How many total ATP are made from glucose?
Give this one a try later!
38 ATP
How much of the daily caloric intake of a healthy individual is from the breakdown of
products by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron?
Give this one a try later!
15-20%
What are the most commonly used probiotic genera? (2)
Give this one a try later!
Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium
Anxiety and depression
- Long term ingestion of ________ ________ plus ___________ stabilized mood & anxiety
-1 course of antibiotics increases risk of anxiety and increases risk of depression
Give this one a try later!
