SALIVARY ENZYMES
CONTENTS
▪ Introduction
▪ Salivary Enzymes
▪ Sampling Of Saliva
→ Types of saliva
→ Collection methods
▪ Salivary Assays
→ Continuous Assays
→ Discontinuous Assays
▪ Recent Advances
→ Salivary proteome
→ Salivary transcriptome
▪ Conclusion
▪ References
INTRODUCTION
✓ Saliva is a most valuable body fluid that is critical to the preservation and maintenance of
oral health.
✓ Reflection of our body → many oral & systemic diseases manifest in saliva.
✓ Salivary biomarker detectors can be used in the dentist office or another health care
provider for point-of-care disease screening and detection.
✓ Which would you prefer……….. Saliva or serum?
✓ That is a no-brainer. It’s definitely saliva.
✓ To weigh the benefits of each,
Saliva
• Collection→ non-invasive, safe, easy.
Serum
• Accidental transmission of infectious diseases
• Handling problematic, clotting
Drawbacks of GCF
• Time consuming, technique sensitive
• If collected with paper points, elution with buffer is needed.
• Difficult to avoid contamination by blood, saliva & plaque
• Volume collected is small, varies from site to site, difficult to standardize
• This led to exploring saliva as a alternative fluid.
Saliva As A Point Of Care Fluid
▪ Saliva contains locally expressed proteins and other substances (biomarkers) that can be
used as indicators of diseases. These are closely related to an individual’s health condition
and can change greatly when diseases afflict the body.
,CLASSIFICATION OF SALIVARY ENZYMES
DIGESTIVE
▪ Amylase
▪ Chitinase
▪ Mucinase
▪ Lingual Lipase
OXIDOREDUCTASE
▪ Peroxidase
▪ Superoxide Dismutase
▪ Myeloperoxidase
▪ LDH
BONE FORMATION MARKERS
▪ Alkaline phosphatase
▪ Osteocalcin
▪ Osteopontin
BONE RESORPTION MARKERS
▪ Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)
▪ Osteonectin
▪ MMP
PROTEOLYTIC
▪ Mammalian proteinases.
▪ Bacterial proteinases.
▪ Serum proteinase inhibitors
HYDROLYTIC
▪ Alkaline Phosphatase
▪ Acid Phosphatase
▪ Myeloperoxidase
▪ Beta Glucoronidase
▪ Lysozyme
▪ Lactoferrin
▪ Aryl Sulfatase
OTHERS
▪ Hyaluronidase
▪ AST
▪ Kallikrein
▪ Kininase
▪ Fibronectin
▪ Cystatin
▪ Statherin
▪ Calprotectin
▪ Histatin
, DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
ENZYME DESCRIPTION ACTION
AMYLASE Cleave α -1-4 glycosidic Binds to streptococci ,
bindings modulates adhesion of
ph : 6.7-7.0 bacteria on oral surfaces
CHITINASE Hydrolytic cleavage of chitin Protection against
colonization of oral
epithelial cells by yeast
LINGUAL LIPASE Acinar cells of the serous Involved in first phase of fat
von Ebner’s glands digestion, hydrolyzes
medium to long chain
triglycerides in the oral
cavity and stomach.
✓ Nipro (Japan) has developed a hand-held device to monitor the salivary a-amylase to
evaluate stress
✓ This device requires 30 μl of saliva,
✓ Time taken: 1 minute
GLYCOPROTEINS
✓ Polypeptide core + oligosaccharide side chain
ENZYME DESCRIPTION ACTION
CONTENTS
▪ Introduction
▪ Salivary Enzymes
▪ Sampling Of Saliva
→ Types of saliva
→ Collection methods
▪ Salivary Assays
→ Continuous Assays
→ Discontinuous Assays
▪ Recent Advances
→ Salivary proteome
→ Salivary transcriptome
▪ Conclusion
▪ References
INTRODUCTION
✓ Saliva is a most valuable body fluid that is critical to the preservation and maintenance of
oral health.
✓ Reflection of our body → many oral & systemic diseases manifest in saliva.
✓ Salivary biomarker detectors can be used in the dentist office or another health care
provider for point-of-care disease screening and detection.
✓ Which would you prefer……….. Saliva or serum?
✓ That is a no-brainer. It’s definitely saliva.
✓ To weigh the benefits of each,
Saliva
• Collection→ non-invasive, safe, easy.
Serum
• Accidental transmission of infectious diseases
• Handling problematic, clotting
Drawbacks of GCF
• Time consuming, technique sensitive
• If collected with paper points, elution with buffer is needed.
• Difficult to avoid contamination by blood, saliva & plaque
• Volume collected is small, varies from site to site, difficult to standardize
• This led to exploring saliva as a alternative fluid.
Saliva As A Point Of Care Fluid
▪ Saliva contains locally expressed proteins and other substances (biomarkers) that can be
used as indicators of diseases. These are closely related to an individual’s health condition
and can change greatly when diseases afflict the body.
,CLASSIFICATION OF SALIVARY ENZYMES
DIGESTIVE
▪ Amylase
▪ Chitinase
▪ Mucinase
▪ Lingual Lipase
OXIDOREDUCTASE
▪ Peroxidase
▪ Superoxide Dismutase
▪ Myeloperoxidase
▪ LDH
BONE FORMATION MARKERS
▪ Alkaline phosphatase
▪ Osteocalcin
▪ Osteopontin
BONE RESORPTION MARKERS
▪ Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)
▪ Osteonectin
▪ MMP
PROTEOLYTIC
▪ Mammalian proteinases.
▪ Bacterial proteinases.
▪ Serum proteinase inhibitors
HYDROLYTIC
▪ Alkaline Phosphatase
▪ Acid Phosphatase
▪ Myeloperoxidase
▪ Beta Glucoronidase
▪ Lysozyme
▪ Lactoferrin
▪ Aryl Sulfatase
OTHERS
▪ Hyaluronidase
▪ AST
▪ Kallikrein
▪ Kininase
▪ Fibronectin
▪ Cystatin
▪ Statherin
▪ Calprotectin
▪ Histatin
, DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
ENZYME DESCRIPTION ACTION
AMYLASE Cleave α -1-4 glycosidic Binds to streptococci ,
bindings modulates adhesion of
ph : 6.7-7.0 bacteria on oral surfaces
CHITINASE Hydrolytic cleavage of chitin Protection against
colonization of oral
epithelial cells by yeast
LINGUAL LIPASE Acinar cells of the serous Involved in first phase of fat
von Ebner’s glands digestion, hydrolyzes
medium to long chain
triglycerides in the oral
cavity and stomach.
✓ Nipro (Japan) has developed a hand-held device to monitor the salivary a-amylase to
evaluate stress
✓ This device requires 30 μl of saliva,
✓ Time taken: 1 minute
GLYCOPROTEINS
✓ Polypeptide core + oligosaccharide side chain
ENZYME DESCRIPTION ACTION
