NSG 310/NSG310 Exam 2 V2 | Introduction
to Professional Nursing Exam Q&A with
Rationale | Grand Canyon University
1. A nurse is caring for a client who decides to stop chemotherapy treatment despite the
family’s wishes. Which ethical principle is the nurse supporting when respecting the client’s
decision?
A. Beneficence
B. Autonomy
C. Justice
D. Nonmaleficence
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Autonomy is the principle that recognizes the right of a patient to
make their own decisions about their healthcare. By supporting the client’s choice to stop
treatment, the nurse acknowledges the patient’s self-determination regardless of the
family’s opinion. This principle is central to patient-centered care and informed consent
within professional nursing.
2. Which component of the Nursing Process involves the nurse identifying actual or potential
health problems based on clinical data?
A. Diagnosis
,B. Planning
C. Assessment
D. Implementation
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The diagnosis phase is when the nurse analyzes assessment data to
determine health problems or risks. This stage provides the basis for selecting nursing
interventions to achieve outcomes for which the nurse is accountable. It follows the
assessment phase and precedes the planning phase in the standard nursing process model.
3. A nurse is providing care to a patient and ensures that all resources are distributed fairly
among all clients on the unit. Which ethical principle does this reflect?
A. Fidelity
B. Veracity
C. Autonomy
D. Justice
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Justice refers to the concept of fairness and the equitable distribution
of healthcare resources. In nursing practice, it means treating all patients equally
regardless of their socioeconomic status or background. This principle ensures that care is
provided impartially and that every patient receives what they are due.
, 4. Which nursing theorist is known for the ‘Environmental Theory’ which emphasizes the
importance of a clean and healthy environment for patient recovery?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Jean Watson
C. Dorothea Orem
D. Hildegard Peplau
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Florence Nightingale developed the Environmental Theory, focusing
on the external conditions that affect the health of the individual. She believed that factors
like fresh air, pure water, efficient drainage, and light were essential for healing. Her work
established the foundation for modern nursing and infection control practices.
5. A nurse is witnessing a patient sign an informed consent form. What is the nurse’s primary
responsibility in this situation?
A. Explaining the risks and benefits of the procedure
B. Determining if the patient understands the surgical technique
C. Describing alternative treatments to the patient
D. Ensuring the patient is signing the form voluntarily
Correct Answer: D
to Professional Nursing Exam Q&A with
Rationale | Grand Canyon University
1. A nurse is caring for a client who decides to stop chemotherapy treatment despite the
family’s wishes. Which ethical principle is the nurse supporting when respecting the client’s
decision?
A. Beneficence
B. Autonomy
C. Justice
D. Nonmaleficence
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Autonomy is the principle that recognizes the right of a patient to
make their own decisions about their healthcare. By supporting the client’s choice to stop
treatment, the nurse acknowledges the patient’s self-determination regardless of the
family’s opinion. This principle is central to patient-centered care and informed consent
within professional nursing.
2. Which component of the Nursing Process involves the nurse identifying actual or potential
health problems based on clinical data?
A. Diagnosis
,B. Planning
C. Assessment
D. Implementation
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The diagnosis phase is when the nurse analyzes assessment data to
determine health problems or risks. This stage provides the basis for selecting nursing
interventions to achieve outcomes for which the nurse is accountable. It follows the
assessment phase and precedes the planning phase in the standard nursing process model.
3. A nurse is providing care to a patient and ensures that all resources are distributed fairly
among all clients on the unit. Which ethical principle does this reflect?
A. Fidelity
B. Veracity
C. Autonomy
D. Justice
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Justice refers to the concept of fairness and the equitable distribution
of healthcare resources. In nursing practice, it means treating all patients equally
regardless of their socioeconomic status or background. This principle ensures that care is
provided impartially and that every patient receives what they are due.
, 4. Which nursing theorist is known for the ‘Environmental Theory’ which emphasizes the
importance of a clean and healthy environment for patient recovery?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Jean Watson
C. Dorothea Orem
D. Hildegard Peplau
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Florence Nightingale developed the Environmental Theory, focusing
on the external conditions that affect the health of the individual. She believed that factors
like fresh air, pure water, efficient drainage, and light were essential for healing. Her work
established the foundation for modern nursing and infection control practices.
5. A nurse is witnessing a patient sign an informed consent form. What is the nurse’s primary
responsibility in this situation?
A. Explaining the risks and benefits of the procedure
B. Determining if the patient understands the surgical technique
C. Describing alternative treatments to the patient
D. Ensuring the patient is signing the form voluntarily
Correct Answer: D
