NSG 300/NSG300 Final Exam V1 |
Foundations of Nursing Q&A with
Rationale | Grand Canyon University
1. Which stage of the nursing process involves the nurse gathering data to identify a patient’s
health status?
A. Diagnosis
B. Planning
C. Assessment
D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Assessment is the foundational phase where the nurse collects
subjective and objective data. This information is essential for identifying the patient’s
needs and forming a plan of care. Without comprehensive assessment, subsequent steps
like diagnosis and planning cannot be accurately performed.
2. A nurse is caring for a patient who refuses a blood transfusion based on religious beliefs.
Which ethical principle is the nurse upholding?
A. Justice
B. Autonomy
C. Beneficence
,D. Nonmaleficence
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Autonomy refers to the patient’s right to make their own decisions
regarding their healthcare. The nurse must respect this right even if the decision conflicts
with medical advice. This principle is a cornerstone of patient-centered care in professional
nursing practice.
3. What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infection in a clinical setting?
A. Proper hand hygiene
B. Wearing gloves at all times
C. Using antibiotic ointments
D. Keeping patient rooms closed
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Hand hygiene is recognized as the single most important practice for
preventing the transmission of pathogens. It should be performed before and after patient
contact and after touching contaminated surfaces. Consistent adherence to handwashing
protocols significantly reduces hospital-acquired infections.
4. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following needs should the nurse
address first?
A. Physiological needs
, B. Love and belonging
C. Safety and security
D. Self-esteem
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Physiological needs such as oxygen, water, and food are the most
basic and must be met before higher-level needs. In nursing, prioritizing physiological
stability is critical for patient survival and recovery. Once these are met, the nurse can then
focus on safety, social, and psychological needs.
5. When performing a physical assessment, which technique is used to listen to sounds
produced within the body?
A. Percussion
B. Palpation
C. Auscultation
D. Inspection
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Auscultation involves using a stethoscope to hear sounds from the
heart, lungs, or abdomen. It is a vital component of the physical examination to detect
abnormalities in organ function. Proper technique requires a quiet environment and
focused attention to distinct sound frequencies.
Foundations of Nursing Q&A with
Rationale | Grand Canyon University
1. Which stage of the nursing process involves the nurse gathering data to identify a patient’s
health status?
A. Diagnosis
B. Planning
C. Assessment
D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Assessment is the foundational phase where the nurse collects
subjective and objective data. This information is essential for identifying the patient’s
needs and forming a plan of care. Without comprehensive assessment, subsequent steps
like diagnosis and planning cannot be accurately performed.
2. A nurse is caring for a patient who refuses a blood transfusion based on religious beliefs.
Which ethical principle is the nurse upholding?
A. Justice
B. Autonomy
C. Beneficence
,D. Nonmaleficence
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Autonomy refers to the patient’s right to make their own decisions
regarding their healthcare. The nurse must respect this right even if the decision conflicts
with medical advice. This principle is a cornerstone of patient-centered care in professional
nursing practice.
3. What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infection in a clinical setting?
A. Proper hand hygiene
B. Wearing gloves at all times
C. Using antibiotic ointments
D. Keeping patient rooms closed
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Hand hygiene is recognized as the single most important practice for
preventing the transmission of pathogens. It should be performed before and after patient
contact and after touching contaminated surfaces. Consistent adherence to handwashing
protocols significantly reduces hospital-acquired infections.
4. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following needs should the nurse
address first?
A. Physiological needs
, B. Love and belonging
C. Safety and security
D. Self-esteem
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Physiological needs such as oxygen, water, and food are the most
basic and must be met before higher-level needs. In nursing, prioritizing physiological
stability is critical for patient survival and recovery. Once these are met, the nurse can then
focus on safety, social, and psychological needs.
5. When performing a physical assessment, which technique is used to listen to sounds
produced within the body?
A. Percussion
B. Palpation
C. Auscultation
D. Inspection
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Auscultation involves using a stethoscope to hear sounds from the
heart, lungs, or abdomen. It is a vital component of the physical examination to detect
abnormalities in organ function. Proper technique requires a quiet environment and
focused attention to distinct sound frequencies.
