NSG 300/NSG300 Exam 1 V2 | Foundations
of Nursing Q&A with Rationale | Grand
Canyon University
1. Which phase of the nursing process involves the systematic collection of both subjective
and objective data?
A. Diagnosis
B. Planning
C. Assessment
D. Implementation
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Assessment is the initial and ongoing phase where the nurse gathers
information about the patient’s health status. This includes conducting interviews for
subjective data and physical exams for objective data. It provides the necessary foundation
for all subsequent steps in the nursing process.
2. A nurse is teaching a community class about the importance of annual mammograms.
Which level of prevention does this represent?
A. Secondary Prevention
B. Primary Prevention
C. Tertiary Prevention
,D. Quaternary Prevention
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and screening to
identify diseases in their earliest stages. Mammograms are specifically designed to detect
breast cancer before symptoms appear. This differs from primary prevention, which
focuses on preventing the disease entirely through measures like vaccinations.
3. The nurse ensures that a patient understands the risks and benefits of a procedure before
signing a consent form. Which ethical principle is being upheld?
A. Autonomy
B. Beneficence
C. Justice
D. Fidelity
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Autonomy refers to the right of patients to make their own decisions
about their healthcare. By ensuring informed consent, the nurse respects the patient’s self-
determination and independent choice. It is a fundamental component of patient-centered
care and legal practice.
4. Which nursing theorist focused on the ‘Environmental Theory,’ emphasizing that the
environment influences the patient’s health and recovery?
A. Jean Watson
, B. Dorothea Orem
C. Florence Nightingale
D. Virginia Henderson
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Florence Nightingale is credited with the Environmental Theory,
which suggests that fresh air, light, and cleanliness are essential for healing. She believed
that the nurse’s role is to put the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon them.
This theory laid the groundwork for modern nursing hygiene and hospital design.
5. A patient reports a sharp pain in their abdomen rated 8 out of 10. What type of data is this
considered?
A. Objective data
B. Inferred data
C. Secondary data
D. Subjective data
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Subjective data consists of information provided by the patient that
cannot be directly observed or measured by the nurse. Pain is a personal experience and is
what the patient says it is. In contrast, objective data would be things like a high heart rate
or a grimacing facial expression observed by the nurse.
of Nursing Q&A with Rationale | Grand
Canyon University
1. Which phase of the nursing process involves the systematic collection of both subjective
and objective data?
A. Diagnosis
B. Planning
C. Assessment
D. Implementation
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Assessment is the initial and ongoing phase where the nurse gathers
information about the patient’s health status. This includes conducting interviews for
subjective data and physical exams for objective data. It provides the necessary foundation
for all subsequent steps in the nursing process.
2. A nurse is teaching a community class about the importance of annual mammograms.
Which level of prevention does this represent?
A. Secondary Prevention
B. Primary Prevention
C. Tertiary Prevention
,D. Quaternary Prevention
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and screening to
identify diseases in their earliest stages. Mammograms are specifically designed to detect
breast cancer before symptoms appear. This differs from primary prevention, which
focuses on preventing the disease entirely through measures like vaccinations.
3. The nurse ensures that a patient understands the risks and benefits of a procedure before
signing a consent form. Which ethical principle is being upheld?
A. Autonomy
B. Beneficence
C. Justice
D. Fidelity
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Autonomy refers to the right of patients to make their own decisions
about their healthcare. By ensuring informed consent, the nurse respects the patient’s self-
determination and independent choice. It is a fundamental component of patient-centered
care and legal practice.
4. Which nursing theorist focused on the ‘Environmental Theory,’ emphasizing that the
environment influences the patient’s health and recovery?
A. Jean Watson
, B. Dorothea Orem
C. Florence Nightingale
D. Virginia Henderson
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Florence Nightingale is credited with the Environmental Theory,
which suggests that fresh air, light, and cleanliness are essential for healing. She believed
that the nurse’s role is to put the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon them.
This theory laid the groundwork for modern nursing hygiene and hospital design.
5. A patient reports a sharp pain in their abdomen rated 8 out of 10. What type of data is this
considered?
A. Objective data
B. Inferred data
C. Secondary data
D. Subjective data
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Subjective data consists of information provided by the patient that
cannot be directly observed or measured by the nurse. Pain is a personal experience and is
what the patient says it is. In contrast, objective data would be things like a high heart rate
or a grimacing facial expression observed by the nurse.
