NSG 300/NSG300 Exam 1 V3 | Foundations
of Nursing Q&A with Rationale | Grand
Canyon University
1. A nurse is conducting a physical assessment of a new patient. Which step of the nursing
process is the nurse performing?
A. Planning
B. Evaluation
C. Implementation
D. Assessment
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process which involves the
systematic collection of data. This phase includes gathering both subjective and objective
information to establish a baseline for patient care. It is essential because all subsequent
nursing interventions and diagnoses depend on the accuracy of this data.
2. Which ethical principle is the nurse upholding when they respect a patient’s decision to
refuse a recommended treatment?
A. Beneficence
B. Justice
C. Autonomy
,D. Nonmaleficence
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Autonomy refers to the right of patients to make their own decisions
about their healthcare. By supporting a patient’s choice to refuse treatment, the nurse
acknowledges the patient’s self-determination and legal rights. This principle is
fundamental to patient-centered care and informed consent in nursing practice.
3. A nurse is providing a seminar on lifestyle changes to prevent heart disease. What level of
prevention is this?
A. Secondary Prevention
B. Primary Prevention
C. Tertiary Prevention
D. Quaternary Prevention
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it occurs
by modifying risk factors. Education regarding lifestyle changes for heart disease
prevention is a classic example of this level. This proactive approach focuses on health
promotion and protecting healthy individuals from developing illness.
4. The nurse uses the ‘SMART’ acronym to develop patient goals. What does the ‘M’ in
SMART represent?
A. Manageable
, B. Meaningful
C. Measurable
D. Maintained
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: In the SMART goal-setting framework, ‘M’ stands for measurable.
This ensures that the nurse and patient can objectively track progress toward achieving the
goal. Without a measurable component, it is difficult to evaluate whether an intervention
has been successful or needs adjustment.
5. Which of the following is considered ‘objective data’ during a patient assessment?
A. The patient’s complaint of nausea
B. The patient’s report of a headache
C. The patient’s blood pressure reading
D. The patient’s description of pain as a 5/10
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Objective data consists of observable and measurable signs that can
be verified by the healthcare professional. Blood pressure is an objective measurement
because it is a physical finding obtained through standard assessment techniques. In
contrast, reports of pain, nausea, or headaches are subjective data provided by the patient.
of Nursing Q&A with Rationale | Grand
Canyon University
1. A nurse is conducting a physical assessment of a new patient. Which step of the nursing
process is the nurse performing?
A. Planning
B. Evaluation
C. Implementation
D. Assessment
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process which involves the
systematic collection of data. This phase includes gathering both subjective and objective
information to establish a baseline for patient care. It is essential because all subsequent
nursing interventions and diagnoses depend on the accuracy of this data.
2. Which ethical principle is the nurse upholding when they respect a patient’s decision to
refuse a recommended treatment?
A. Beneficence
B. Justice
C. Autonomy
,D. Nonmaleficence
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Autonomy refers to the right of patients to make their own decisions
about their healthcare. By supporting a patient’s choice to refuse treatment, the nurse
acknowledges the patient’s self-determination and legal rights. This principle is
fundamental to patient-centered care and informed consent in nursing practice.
3. A nurse is providing a seminar on lifestyle changes to prevent heart disease. What level of
prevention is this?
A. Secondary Prevention
B. Primary Prevention
C. Tertiary Prevention
D. Quaternary Prevention
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it occurs
by modifying risk factors. Education regarding lifestyle changes for heart disease
prevention is a classic example of this level. This proactive approach focuses on health
promotion and protecting healthy individuals from developing illness.
4. The nurse uses the ‘SMART’ acronym to develop patient goals. What does the ‘M’ in
SMART represent?
A. Manageable
, B. Meaningful
C. Measurable
D. Maintained
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: In the SMART goal-setting framework, ‘M’ stands for measurable.
This ensures that the nurse and patient can objectively track progress toward achieving the
goal. Without a measurable component, it is difficult to evaluate whether an intervention
has been successful or needs adjustment.
5. Which of the following is considered ‘objective data’ during a patient assessment?
A. The patient’s complaint of nausea
B. The patient’s report of a headache
C. The patient’s blood pressure reading
D. The patient’s description of pain as a 5/10
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Objective data consists of observable and measurable signs that can
be verified by the healthcare professional. Blood pressure is an objective measurement
because it is a physical finding obtained through standard assessment techniques. In
contrast, reports of pain, nausea, or headaches are subjective data provided by the patient.
